This book is my Ph.D dissertation on two epochal political upheavals, known in Korea as the April 19 Student Revolution of 1960 and the May 16 Military Coup d’etat of l961. The comparative analysis of their causes and processes and their respective impacts on Korean political and economic development was the central focus of this study. It was written in 1970. Korea’s political miracle such as liberty, democracy, and unity of our nation took fertile root from the April Student Revolution, as its economic miracle of rapid modernization and industrialization gained momentum from the May Military Coup. Ultimately, however, our people’s sweats, tears and sacrifices are behind these two “miracles”.