허버트 스펜서의 생물학의 원리 책 제2권. The Book of The Principles of Biology, Volume 2 (of 2), by Herbert Spencer
제1권과는 달리 제2권에는 많은 식물의 그림이 삽입됨.
THE PRINCIPLES OF
BIOLOGY
BY
HERBERT SPENCER
IN TWO VOLUMES
VOL. II
REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION
1899
NEW YORK
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
1900
COPYRIGHT, 1867, 1899,
BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY.

이책은 1899년도 당시의 영국의 생물학적인 여러 분야를 정리해서 책으로 만듬 그리고 제1권은 생물의 대사및 진화분야 등등을 다룸. 제2권은 형태학적인 발달과 생리학적인 발달 그리고 번식의법칙등을 다룸. 자세한 것은 목차를 따라서 본문에서 확인요함.

스펜서는 헉슬리 그리고 닥터훅거 등에게 서문에서 감사를 표시하고 서문의 여러 책들을 독학해서 책을 만듬.

허버트 스펜서의 책인 종합철학체계 The Synthetic Philosophy (전10권)는 1860년 개요를 발표하고 1896년까지 36년간 발표. 제1권 제1원리 First Principles (1862), 제2,3권 생물학 원리 Principles of Biology (1864-1867), 제4,5권 심리학 원리 Principles of Psychology (1870-1872), 제6,7,8권 사회학 원리 Principles of Sociology (1876-1896), 제9,10권 윤리학 원리 Principles of Ethics (1879-1893) 등 순차적으로 간행된 대저서로서, 우주의 생성에서부터 인간사회의 도덕원리 전개에 까지의 모든 것을 진화(evolution)의 원리에 따라 조직적으로 기술. 이는 다윈의 종의 기원(1859)의 생물 진화론을 중심으로 하는 다윈주의 운동과 결합하여 1870년대 후에 더 진보된 지식을 전함.

허버트 스펜서의 생물학의 원리 책 제2권. The Book of The Principles of Biology, Volume 2 (of 2), by Herbert Spencer

CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
PART IV.?MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
CHAP. PAGE
I.? THE PROBLEMS OF MORPHOLOGY 3

II.? THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF PLANTS 17

III.? THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF PLANTS?Continued 37

IV.? THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF ANIMALS 85

V.? THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF ANIMALS?Continued 111

VI.? MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION IN PLANTS 128

VII.? THE GENERAL SHAPES OF PLANTS 134

VIII.? THE SHAPES OF BRANCHES 145

IX.? THE SHAPES OF LEAVES 152

X.? THE SHAPES OF FLOWERS 161

XI.? THE SHAPES OF VEGETAL CELLS 175

XII.? CHANGES OF SHAPE OTHERWISE CAUSED 178

XIII.? MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION IN ANIMALS 183

XIV.? THE GENERAL SHAPES OF ANIMALS 186

XV.? THE SHAPES OF VERTEBRATE SKELETONS 209

XVI.? THE SHAPES OF ANIMAL CELLS 228

XVII.? SUMMARY OF MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 231

PART V.?PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
I.? THE PROBLEMS OF PHYSIOLOGY 239

II.? DIFFERENTIATIONS BETWEEN THE OUTER AND INNER TISSUES OF PLANTS 244

III.? DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE OUTER TISSUES OF PLANTS 251[xii]

IV.? DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE INNER TISSUES OF PLANTS 272

V.? PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN PLANTS 292

VI.? DIFFERENTIATIONS BETWEEN THE OUTER AND INNER TISSUES OF ANIMALS 299

VII.? DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE OUTER TISSUES OF ANIMALS 309

VIII.? DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE INNER TISSUES OF ANIMALS 323

IX.? PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN ANIMALS 373

X.? SUMMARY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 384

XA.? THE INTEGRATION OF THE ORGANIC WORLD 396

PART VI.?LAWS OF MULTIPLICATION.
I.? THE FACTORS 411

II.? A PRIORI PRINCIPLE 417

III.? OBVERSE A PRIORI PRINCIPLE 424

IV.? DIFFICULTIES OF INDUCTIVE VERIFICATION 432

V.? ANTAGONISM BETWEEN GROWTH AND ASEXUAL GENESIS 439

VI.? ANTAGONISM BETWEEN GROWTH AND SEXUAL GENESIS 448

VII.? THE ANTAGONISM BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND GENESIS, ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL 461

VIII.? ANTAGONISM BETWEEN EXPENDITURE AND GENESIS 467

IX.? COINCIDENCE BETWEEN HIGH NUTRITION AND GENESIS 475

X.? SPECIALITIES OF THESE RELATIONS 486

XI.? INTERPRETATION AND QUALIFICATION 497

XII.? MULTIPLICATION OF THE HUMAN RACE 506

XIII.? HUMAN POPULATION IN THE FUTURE 522

APPENDICES.
A.? SUBSTITUTION OF AXIAL FOR FOLIAR ORGANS IN PLANTS 541

B.? A CRITICISM ON PROF. OWEN’S THEORY OF THE VERTEBRATE SKELETON 548

C.? ON CIRCULATION AND THE FORMATION OF WOOD IN PLANTS 567

D.? ON THE ORIGIN OF THE VERTEBRATE TYPE 599

D2.? THE ANNULOSE TYPE 602

E.? THE SHAPES AND ARRANGEMENTS OF FLOWERS 608

F.? PHYSIOLOGICAL (OR CONSTITUTIONAL) UNITS 612

G.? THE INHERITANCE OF FUNCTIONALLY-CAUSED MODIFICATIONS 618