유전의 멘델의 원리.The Book of Mendel's principles of heredity, by William Bateson

두 쌍 이상의 대립 형질이 동시에 유전될 때 각각의 형질은 서로 영향을 주지 않고 독립적으로 유전되며, 이를 독립 법칙이라고 한다.
.멘델이 발견한 유전의 기본 원리.
멘델 유전.Mendelian inheritance .멘델의 유전법칙Mendelian inheritance은 생물학적 형질이 부모로부터 자손에게 전달되는 현상을 과학적으로 제시한 유전학의 기본법칙이다.
1.발견의 역사
2.멘델의 실험
3.멘델 유전 법칙
3.1.우열의 법칙
3.2.분리의 법칙
3.3.독립의 법칙
4.멘델 유전의 해석
4.1.불완전 우성(incomplete dominance)


MENDEL’S
PRINCIPLES OF HEREDITY
A DEFENCE
BY
W. BATESON, M.A., F.R.S.
WITH A TRANSLATION OF MENDEL’S ORIGINAL
PAPERS ON HYBRIDISATION.
CAMBRIDGE:
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
1902
Cambridge:
PRINTED BY J. AND C. F. CLAY,
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

유전의 멘델의 원리.The Book of Mendel's principles of heredity, by William Bateson

CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
THE PROBLEMS OF HEREDITY AND THEIR SOLUTION, pp. 1?39.

Preliminary statement of Mendel’s principles, 8. Relation of Mendel’s discovery to the law of Ancestral Heredity, 19. Heterozygote and Homozygote, 23. New conceptions necessitated by Mendel’s discovery, 26. Simple alternative characters, or allelomorphs, 27. Compound allelomorphs and their components, 29. Analytical Variations, 29. Relation of Mendel’s principle to continuous variation, 32. Dominance, 32. Non-Mendelian phenomena, 33. False hybrids of Millardet, 34. Brief historical notice, 36.

MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS IN PLANT HYBRIDISATION, pp. 40?95.

Introductory Remarks, 40. Selection of Experimental Plants, 42. Division and Arrangement of Experiments, 44. Characters selected, 45. Number of first crosses, 47. Possible sources of error, 47. Forms of the Hybrids, 49. Dominant and recessive, 49.

First generation bred from the Hybrids, 51. Numbers of each form in offspring, 52. Second generation bred from the Hybrids, 55. Subsequent generations bred from the Hybrids, 57.

Offspring of Hybrids in which several differentiating characters are associated, 59. The reproductive cells of the Hybrids, 66. Statement of Mendel’s essential deductions, 67. Experiments to determine constitution of germ-cells, 68. Statement of purity of germ-cells, 72.

Experiments with Phaseolus, 76. Compound characters, 80. Concluding Remarks, 84.

MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS WITH HIERACIUM, 96?103.

A DEFENCE OF MENDEL’S PRINCIPLES OF HEREDITY, 104?208.xiv

Introductory, 104.

I. THE MENDELIAN PRINCIPLE OF PURITY OF GERM-CELLS AND THE LAWS OF HEREDITY BASED ON ANCESTRY, 108.

II. MENDEL AND THE CRITIC’S VERSION OF HIM.
The Law of Dominance, 117.

III. THE FACTS IN REGARD TO DOMINANCE OF CHARACTERS IN PEAS, 119.

The normal characters: colours of cotyledons and seed-coats, 120. Shape, 122. Stability and variability, 124. Results of crossing in regard to seed-characters: normal and exceptional, 129. Analysis of exceptions, 132. The “mule” or heterozygote, 133.

IV. PROFESSOR WELDON’S COLLECTION OF “OTHER EVIDENCE CONCERNING DOMINANCE IN PEAS.”
A. In regard to cotyledon colour: Preliminary, 137. Xenia, 139. (1) Gartner’s cases, 141. (2) Seton’s case, 143. (3) Tschermak’s exceptions, 145. (3a) Buchsbaum case, 145. (3b) Telephone cases, 146. (3c) Couturier cases, 147.

B. Seed-coats and Shapes. 1. Seed-coats, 148. 2. Seed-shapes: (a) Rimpau’s cases, 150. (b) Tschermak’s cases, 152. 3. Other phenomena, especially regarding seed-shapes, in the case of “grey” peas. Modern evidence, 153.

C. Evidence of Knight and Laxton, 158.

D. Miscellaneous cases in other plants and animals:
1. Stocks (Matthiola). Hoariness, 169. Flower-colour, 170.

2. Datura, 172.

3. Colours of Rats and Mice, 173.

V. PROFESSOR WELDON’S QUOTATIONS FROM LAXTON, 178.

Illustration from Primula sinensis, 182.

VI. THE ARGUMENT BUILT ON EXCEPTIONS, 183.

Ancestry and Dominance, 185.

Ancestry and purity of germ-cells, 193.

The value of the appeal to Ancestry, 197.

VII.? THE QUESTION OF ABSOLUTE PURITY OF GERM-CELLS, 201.

CONCLUSION, 208.