¢º ³Ê ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¾Ë¶ó!(Nosce Te Ipsum, Know Thyself) : ÇöóÅæÀÇ º¯·Ð(º¯¸í)(Apology by Plato)Àº ÇöóÅæ(Plato, BC427?~BC347?)ÀÇ Ãʱ⠴ëÈÆí(Plato's Early Dialogues)¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ÀÛÇ°À¸·Î ±×ÀÇ ½º½Â ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º(Socrates, BC470?~BC399)°¡ »ç¸ÁÇÑ BC399³âÀ» ¹è°æÀ¸·Î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¶óƾ¾î Á¦¸ñ ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½ºÀÇ »ç°ú(Apologia Socratis)¿¡¼ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµí ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º°¡ ºÒ°æÁË·Î ÀçÆÇÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ´ç½Ã ¹ýÀû Á¤´ç¹æÀ§¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬¼³(the speech of legal self-defence)À» Á¤¸®ÇÑ ÀÛÇ°À¸·Î ±¹³»¿¡´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ´À³¦ÀÇ »ç°ú(Apology)º¸´Ù ¹ýÀûÀÌ°í, °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ ¾î°¨ÀÇ º¯·Ð(ܪÖå, Discussion)À¸·Î ¿Å°ÜÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º´Â À̸¥¹Ù ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½ºÀÇ ´ëȹý(Socratic Dialog)À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ¹®´ä¹ýÀÌÀÚ »êÆļú(ߧ÷èâú)·Î ´ç´ë ¾ÆÅ׳×ÀÇ ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀ» Ÿ¶ôÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù´Â ÇøÀÇ·Î °í¹ß´çÇØ ¾ÆÅ×³× °øÀÇȸ(he Athenian Council)¿¡ ²ø·Á°¬À¸¸ç, ½º½º·Î¸¦ º¯·ÐÇÑ ÈÄ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÇÁö·Î ¼±ÅÃÇÑ Á×À½À¸·Î ´õ¿í À¯¸íÇØ Á³½À´Ï´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ´ã´ëÇÑ Á×À½Àº ±×ÀÇ »ç»ó°ú öÇÐÀ» ÀÌõ³âÀÌ È帥 ÇöÀç±îÁöµµ ÀÐÈ÷´Â °íÀüÀÌÀÚ °ÉÀÛÀÇ ¹Ý¿¿¡ ¿Ã·Á³õ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾߸»·Î ¹«Áö(Ùíò±)À̸ç, ¿ÇÀº °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â »îÀ̶ó¸é ´Ü ÇѼø°£µµ »ì °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾øÀ»ÁøÀú! Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics)°ú ÇÔ²² ¾îÁ¦µµ, ¿À´Ãµµ, ³»Àϵµ ¸ÚÁø ¹®Çп©ÇàÀ»! B
¢º °í´ë ±×¸®½º¿¡¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ Àú¼ Áß Çϳª(one of the most important writing that is received from Ancient Classical Greek), ÇöóÅæÀÇ º¯·Ð(º¯¸í)(Apology by Plato)ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦´Â? : ´Ü ÇѸ¶µð·Î ¿ä¾àÇÏÀÚ¸é ¡®Àΰ£ÀÇ ÁöÇý(human wisdom)¡¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º´Â Àΰ£ÀÌ ÁöÇý, ¹Ì´ö, ¼º½Ç¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å½±¸(his exploration of human wisdom, virtue, and integrity)¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î »îÀ» ¿µÀ§ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Á×À½Á¶Â÷ µÎ·Á¿öÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ´Ü¾ðÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ȤÀÚ´Â ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÌ °¡Àå µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ´Â ±Ëº¯, ¹«Áö, Á×À½(sophistry, ignorance, and death)À» ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇöóÅæÀÌ Á¤¸®ÇÑ º¯·ÐÀº ÀÌÈÄ ±Ù´ë Ãʱâ öÇÐ(early modern period of philosophy)¿¡ Áö´ëÇÑ ¿µ°¨À» ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, °í´ë ±×¸®½º¿¡¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ Àú¼ Áß Çϳª(one of the most important writing that is received from Ancient Classical Greek)·Î ²ÅÈü´Ï´Ù.
¢º ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º°¡ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ »ç°úÀÇ 4°¡Áö ¿ä¼Ò(4 R's of the ideal apology)´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÀνÄ, Ã¥ÀÓ, ÈÄȸ ±×¸®°í º¸»ó(Recognition, Responsibility, Remorse, and Reparation). ¢º ¡°For to fear death, my friends, is only to think ourselves wise without really being wise, for it is to think that we know what we do not know¡¦¡¦.¡± ¢¹ ¡°³» Ä£±¸µéÀÌ¿©, Á×À½À» µÎ·Á¿öÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÂüÀ¸·Î Çö¸íÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Ã¤ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Çö¸íÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÏ »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù¡¦¡¦.¡± ¢º ¡°The difficulty, my friends, is not in avoiding death, but in avoiding unrighteousness; for that runs faster than death.¡± ¢¹ ¡°Ä£±¸µéÀÌ¿©, ¾î·Á¿òÀº Á×À½À» ÇÇÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºÒÀǸ¦ ÇÇÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Á×À½º¸´Ù ´õ »¡¸® ´Þ¸³´Ï´Ù.¡±
¢º ½º½Â ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ Âù°¡, ÇöóÅæÀÇ ´ëÈÆí(Plato's Dialogues) : ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ºÎ¸ð¸¦ µÐ ÇöóÅæÀº ´ç½Ã ¾ÆÅ׳׿¡¼ ¼±Ç³ÀûÀÎ Àα⸦ ²ø´ø ºñ±Ø °æ¿¬´ëȸ¿¡ Âü¼®Çϱâ À§ÇØ Á÷Á¢ ºñ±ØÀ» ÁýÇÊÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯´ø Áß µð¿À´Ï¼Ò½º ±ØÀå ¾Õ¿¡¼ ÀڽŸ¸ÀÇ ¹®´ä¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÅ×³× ½Ã¹Îµé¿¡°Ô ±ú´ÞÀ½À» Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º¸¦ ¸¸³µ°í, À̴ û³â ÇöóÅæ¿¡°Ô Å« Ãæ°ÝÀ» ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±Þ±â¾ß ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÛÇ°À» ¸ðµÎ ºÒÅ¿ö ¹ö¸° ÈÄ ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½ºÀÇ Á¦ÀÚ·Î ÀÔ¹®ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, Èʳ¯ ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º¸¦ ÁÖÀΰøÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â 30¿© ÆíÀÇ ¡®ÇöóÅæÀÇ ´ëÈÆí¡¯À» ÅëÇØ ½º½Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¸°æ½ÉÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚ ¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½º°¡ ½º½Â ÇöóÅæÀ» ºñÆÇÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀ» ´Ùµë¾î °£ °Í°ú´Â ´ëÁ¶µÇ´Â ´ë¸ñÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º°¡ ÇöóÅæÀ» ¸¸³ª±â Àü¿¡ ²Ù¾ú´Ù´Â ¡®¹éÁ¶ ²Þ¡¯ ÀÏȵµ À¯¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ¾î´À³¯ ¹«¸¿¡ ¾ÉÇô ³õ¾Ò´ø ¹éÁ¶°¡ °©ÀÚ°¡ Çϴ÷Π³¯¾Æ°¡ ¹ö¸®´Â ²ÞÀ» ²Ù¾ú´Âµ¥¡¦¡¦. ÇöóÅæÀ» ¸¸³ªÀÚ ³î¶ó¿òÀ» ±ÝÄ¡ ¸øÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ´Ï, ÀÚ³×°¡ ¹Ù·Î ±× ¹éÁ¶·Î±º!!
¢º The ¡°Apology¡± or Platonic defence of Socrates is divided into three parts: 1st. The defence properly so called; 2nd. The shorter address in mitigation of the penalty; 3rd. The last words of prophetic rebuke and exhortation. The first part commences with an apology for his colloquial style; he is, as he has always been, the enemy of rhetoric, and knows of no rhetoric but truth; he will not falsify his character by making a speech. ¢¹ ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½ºÀÇ "»ç°ú" ¶Ç´Â ÇöóÅæÀÇ º¯·ÐÀº ¼¼ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ³ª´¹´Ï´Ù: ù ¹ø°. ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹æ¾î; µÎ ¹ø°, ó¹ú ¿ÏÈ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÂªÀº ¼³¸í; ¼¼ ¹ø°, ¿¹¾ðÀûÀÎ ºñ³°ú ±Ç°íÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ¹ß¾ð. ù ¹ø° ºÎºÐÀº ±×ÀÇ ±¸¾îü ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¯·ÐÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â Ç×»ó ±×·¡¿ÔµíÀÌ ¼ö»çÇÐÀÇ ÀûÀÌ°í ¼ö»çÇÐÀº Áø½Ç¹Û¿¡ ¸ð¸¨´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ¿¬¼³À» ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×ÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» À§ÀåÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¢º He is desirous that they should let him live?not for his own sake, but for theirs; because he is their heaven-sent friend (and they will never have such another), or, as he may be ludicrously described, he is the gadfly who stirs the generous steed into motion. Why then has he never taken part in public affairs? Because the familiar divine voice has hindered him; ¢¹ ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§Çؼ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µéÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» »ì·Á Áֱ⸦ ¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â Çϴÿ¡¼ º¸³½ Ä£±¸À̱⠶§¹®¿¡(±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº °áÄÚ ±×·± Ä£±¸¸¦ °®Áö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù), ¶Ç´Â ¿ì½º²Î½º·´°Ô ¹¦»çµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ ±×´Â °ü´ëÇÑ ¸»À» ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ±ÍÂúÀº Æĸ®À̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¿Ö ±×´Â °ø¹«¿¡ ÇÑ ¹øµµ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï±î? Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ½Å¼ºÇÑ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®°¡ ±×¸¦ ¹æÇØÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¢º As he expected, and probably intended, he is convicted. And now the tone of the speech, instead of being more conciliatory, becomes more lofty and commanding. Anytus proposes death as the penalty: and what counter-proposition shall he make? He, the benefactor of the Athenian people, whose whole life has been spent in doing them good, should at least have the Olympic victor¡¯s reward of maintenance in the Prytaneum. Or why should he propose any counter-penalty when he does not know whether death, which Anytus proposes, is a good or an evil? And he is certain that imprisonment is an evil, exile is an evil.
¢¹ ±×°¡ ¿¹»óÇß´ø ´ë·Î, ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÀǵµÇß´ø ´ë·Î, ±×´Â À¯ÁË ÆÇ°áÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌÁ¦ ¿¬¼³ÀÇ ¾îÁ¶´Â ´õ ȸÀ¯ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´õ ³ô°í ¸í·ÉÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ´ÏÅõ½º´Â »çÇüÀ» Çü¹ú·Î Á¦¾ÈÇÕ´Ï´Ù: ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ¾î¶² ¹Ý´ë Á¦¾ÈÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çմϱî? ¾ÆÅ×³× »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀºÀÎÀÎ ±×´Â, ±×µéÀ» À§ÇØ Æò»ýÀ» ¹ÙÃÄ¿Â, Àû¾îµµ ¿Ã¸²ÇÈ ¿ì½ÂÀÚÀÇ ÇÁ¶óÀÌŸ³×¿ò¿¡¼ÀÇ À¯Áö º¸¼ö´Â ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¾Æ´ÏÅõ½º°¡ Á¦¾ÈÇÏ´Â Á×À½ÀÌ ¼±ÀÎÁö ¾ÇÀÎÁö ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Âµ¥ ¿Ö ±×°¡ ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÇ× Çü¹úÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇØ¾ß Çմϱî? ±×¸®°í ±×´Â Åõ¿ÁÀÌ ¾ÇÀÌ°í ¸Á¸íÀÌ ¾ÇÀ̶ó°í È®½ÅÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
-¸ñÂ÷(Index)-
¢º ÇÁ·Ñ·Î±×(Prologue). Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 1,999¼±À» Àоî¾ß ÇÏ´Â 7°¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯
¢º 14°¡Áö Å°¿öµå·Î Àд ÇöóÅæ(Plato, BC427?~BC347?)
01. ¡°¼¾ç öÇÐÀº ¸ðµÎ ÇöóÅæÀÇ °¢ÁÖ¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù.¡±(¡°It consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.)¡± ft. ¾ËÇÁ·¹µå ³ë½º ÈÀÌÆ®Çìµå(Alfred North Whitehead, 1861~1947)
02. ÇöóÅæÁÖÀÇ(Platonism)ÀÇ Ã¢½ÃÀÚ
03. ¼¾ç ÃÖÃÊ °íµî ±³À° ±â°ü(The first institution of higher learning in the Western world) ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¸ÞÀ̾Æ(Akad?mei?) ¼³¸³ÀÚ
04. ÇöóÅæÀÇ ´ëÈÆí(Plato's Dialogues)
05. ±¹°¡·Ð(The Republic, BC375)
06. ´Üµ· 20¹Ì³ª(Twenty Minas)¿¡ ³ë¿¹·Î Æȸ° ´ëÇÐÀÚ
07. ¹ÙÆ¼Ä ¶óÆÄ¿¤·Î(Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino)ÀÇ ¾ÆÅ×³× Çдç(Scuola di Atene, 1511)
08. öÇÐÀÚ ÇöóÅæÀÇ »ç¶û?! ÇöóÅä´Ð ·¯ºê(Platonic Love)
09. Á¤´Ù¸éü(ïáÒýØüô÷, Platonic Solid)
10. ÇöóÅæÀÇ Åμö¿°(Plato's Beard)
11. ÇöóÅæÀÇ ¹®Á¦(Plato's Problem) VS ¿ÀÀ£ÀÇ ¹®Á¦(Orwell¡¯s Problem)
12. ±×¸®½º ½ºÄ«ÀÌ TV(Skai TV) À§´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºÀÎ 100ÀÎ(100 Greatest Greeks)(2009) 9À§
13. ¿Àµð¿ÀºÏ(Audio Books)À¸·Î µè´Â ÇöóÅæ(Plato)
14. ÇöóÅæ(Plato) ¾î·Ï(Quotes)(199)
¢º ÇöóÅæÀÇ º¯·Ð(º¯¸í)(Apology by Plato)
Introduction
¢¹ Apology
¢º ºÎ·Ï(Appendix). ¼¼°èÀÇ °íÀüÀ» ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â È÷Ä¡ÇÏÀÌÄ¿¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¾È³»¼(The Hitchhiker's Guide to Worlds's Classics)
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