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¢º °íÀü °æÁ¦ÇÐ(ͯîðÌèð­ùÊ, classical economics)ÀÇ ¿Ï°áº»! : Á¤Ä¡°æÁ¦ÇÐ ¿ø¸® 1848(Principles of Political Economy by John Stuart Mill)Àº 19¼¼±â ¿µ±¹ öÇÐÀÚ Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹Ð(John Stuart Mill, 1806~1873)ÀÌ 1844³â ÃÖÃÊ·Î ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ Á¤Ä¡°æÁ¦ÇÐ ³í¹®(a treatise on political economics)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¢¹ ¾Ö´ý ½º¹Ì½º(Adam Smith, 1723~1790)ÀÇ ±¹ºÎÀÇ º»Áú°ú ¿øÀο¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸(ÏÐÝ£ÀÇ Üâòõ°ú ê«ì׿¡ μÇÑ æÚϼ, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations), ÀÏ¸í ±¹ºÎ·Ð(ÏÐÝ£Öå, The Wealth of Nations, 1776)À» ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î ¹ßÈ­Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ °íÀü °æÁ¦ÇÐ(ͯîðÌèð­ùÊ, classical economics)Àº ¡®°æÁ¦»ç»ó»ç ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ±Ù´ë °æÁ¦ À̷С¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¢¹ Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹ÐÀÇ Á¤Ä¡°æÁ¦ÇÐ ¿ø¸®(Principles of Political Economy, 1848)´Â 1919³â±îÁö ¿µ±¹ ¿Á½ºÆÛµå ´ëÇб³ ±³Àç·Î È°¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 42³â ÈÄ ¾ÙÇÁ¸®µå ¸¶¼È(Alfred Marshall, 1842~1924)ÀÌ ÃÑ 6±Ç 2Ã¥À¸·Î ÁýÇÊÇÑ °æÁ¦Çпø·Ð(Principles of Economics, 1890)ÀÌ Ãâ°£µÇ±â±îÁö 19¼¼±â´Â ¹°·Ð 20¼¼±â ÃʱîÁö ³Î¸® ÀÐÈ÷´Â °æÁ¦ ¹× Á¤Ä¡°æÁ¦ÇÐ ±³°ú¼­(one of the most important economics or political economy textbooks)·Î »ç¶û¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¢¹ 1871³â 7ÆÇÀ» ºñ·ÔÇØ ¹ÐÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇϱâ Àü±îÁö ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ °³Á¤ÇÏ¿´À» Á¤µµ·Î ¾ÖÂøÀ» °¡Áø Ã¥À¸·Î ºñ±³ ¿ìÀ§¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÐ ±¹°¡ °£ ¹«¿ª ½Ã½ºÅÛ(nations tended to benefit more in a system of trade based on comparative advantage)À» ºñ·ÔÇØ Çö½Ç ¼¼°èÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 1,999¼±°ú ÇÔ²² ¾îÁ¦µµ, ¿À´Ãµµ, ³»Àϵµ ¸ÚÁø ¹®Çп©ÇàÀ»!

¢º ¡×1. Four fundamental rules of Taxation. One of the most disputed questions, both in political science and in practical statesmanship at this particular period, relates to the proper limits of the functions and agency of governments. We shall first consider the economical effects arising from the manner in which governments perform their necessary and acknowledged functions. We shall then pass to certain governmental interferences of what I have termed the optional kind (i.e., overstepping the boundaries of the universally acknowledged functions) which have heretofore taken place, and in some cases still take place, under the influence of false general theories. ¢¹ ¡×1. °ú¼¼ÀÇ ³× °¡Áö ±âº» ±ÔÄ¢. ÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ ½Ã±â¿¡ Á¤Ä¡ÇÐ ¹× ½ÇÁ¦ Á¤Ä¡ ¼ö¿Ï ¸ðµÎ¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³í¶õÀÌ µÇ´Â Áú¹® Áß Çϳª´Â Á¤ºÎ ±â´É ¹× ±â°üÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÇÑ°è¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ÕÀú Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í ÀÎÁ¤µÈ ±â´ÉÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °æÁ¦Àû È¿°ú¸¦ °í·ÁÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¿ì¸®´Â Áö±Ý±îÁö ¹ß»ýÇß°í ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡´Â À߸øµÈ ÀÏ¹Ý ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÎ Á¾·ù(Áï, º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÇ´Â ±â´ÉÀÇ °æ°è¸¦ ³Ñ¾î¼­´Â °Í)¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ƯÁ¤ Á¤ºÎ °£¼·¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ìÆ캸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.

¢º ¡×2. Grounds of the principle of Equality of Taxation. The first of the four points, equality of taxation, requires to be more fully examined, being a thing often imperfectly understood, and on which many false notions have become to a certain degree accredited, through the absence of any definite principles of judgment in the popular mind. ¢¹ ¡×2. °ú¼¼Æòµî ¿øÄ¢ÀÇ ±Ù°Å. ³× °¡Áö »çÇ× Áß Ã¹ ¹ø°ÀÎ Á¶¼¼ÀÇ ÆòµîÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ÀÌÇصǴ °ÍÀ̸ç, ´ëÁßÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ÆÇ´Ü ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ» ÅëÇØ ¸¹Àº À߸øµÈ »ý°¢ÀÌ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ°Ô µÈ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ ÃæºÐÈ÷ °ËÅäÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¢º ¡×3. Should the same percentage be levied on all amounts of Income? Setting out, then, from the maxim that equal sacrifices ought to be demanded from all, we have next to inquire whether this is in fact done, by making each contribute the same percentage on his pecuniary means. Many persons maintain the negative, saying that a tenth part taken from a small income is a heavier burden than the same fraction deducted from one much larger; and on this is grounded the very popular scheme of what is called a graduated property-tax, viz., an income-tax in which the percentage rises with the amount of the income. ¢¹ ¡×3. ¸ðµç ¼Òµæ ±Ý¾×¿¡ ´ëÇØ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ºñÀ²À» ºÎ°úÇØ¾ß Çմϱî? ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô µ¿µîÇÑ Èñ»ýÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¿øÄ¢À» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î, ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î °¢ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±ÝÀüÀû ¼ö´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇØ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ºñÀ²À» ±âºÎÇϵµ·Ï ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´ÂÁö Áú¹®ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀûÀº ¼Òµæ¿¡¼­ 10ºÐÀÇ 1À» ¶¼¾î³»´Â °ÍÀÌ ÈξÀ Å« ¼Òµæ¿¡¼­ 10ºÐÀÇ 1À» °øÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ¹«°Å¿î ºÎ´ãÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í ¸»Çϸ鼭 ºÎÁ¤Àû ÀÔÀåÀ» °ßÁöÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿©±â¿¡´Â ´©Áø Àç»ê¼¼, Áï ¼Òµæ ±Ý¾×¿¡ µû¶ó ºñÀ²ÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ¼Òµæ¼¼¶ó´Â ¸Å¿ì Àαâ ÀÖ´Â °èȹÀÇ ±âÃÊ°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¢º ¡×4. Should the same percentage be levied on Perpetual and on Terminable Incomes? Whether the profits of trade may not rightfully be taxed at a lower rate than incomes derived from interest or rent is part of the more comprehensive question whether life-incomes should be subjected to the same rate of taxation as perpetual incomes; whether salaries, for example, or annuities, or the gains of professions, should pay the same percentage as the income from inheritable property. ¢¹ ¡×4. ¿µ±¸ ¼Òµæ°ú Á¤±â ¼Òµæ¿¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ºñÀ²À» ºÎ°úÇØ¾ß Çմϱî? ¹«¿ª ÀÌÀÍÀÌ ÀÌÀÚ³ª ÀÓ´ë·á¿¡¼­ ÆÄ»ýµÈ ¼Òµæº¸´Ù ³·Àº ¼¼À²·Î Á¤´çÇÏ°Ô °ú¼¼µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ´Â »ý¸í ¼ÒµæÀÌ ¿µ±¸ ¼Òµæ°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¼¼À²ÀÇ °ú¼¼ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸´Ù Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ Áú¹®ÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ±Þ¿©, ¿¬±Ý ¶Ç´Â Á÷¾÷ ¼ÒµæÀÌ »ó¼Ó Àç»ê ¼Òµæ°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ºñÀ²À» ÁöºÒÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

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-¸ñÂ÷(Index)-
¢º ÇÁ·Ñ·Î±×(Prologue). Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 1,999¼±À» Àоî¾ß ÇÏ´Â 7°¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯
¢º 14°¡Áö Å°¿öµå·Î Àд Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹Ð(John Stuart Mill, 1806~1873)
01. Çö´ë ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ(Modern liberalism)¿Í ¸®¹ö·² Æä¹Ì´ÏÁò(Liberal feminism)À» ³ë·¡ÇÑ ¿µ±¹ öÇÐÀÚ(English Philosopher)
02. ³í¸®ÇРü°è(A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, 1843)
03. Á¤Ä¡°æÁ¦ÇÐ ¿ø¸®(Principles of Political Economy, 1848)
04. ÀÚÀ¯·Ð(On Liberty, 1859)
05. °ø¸®ÁÖÀÇ(Utilitarianism, 1861)
06. ´ëÀÇÁ¤ºÎ·Ð(Considerations on Representative Government, 1861)
07. ¿©¼ºÀÇ Á¾¼Ó(The Subjection of Women, 1869)
08. Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹ÐÀÇ Á÷Á¢ ¾´ ÀÚ¼­Àü(The Autobiography of John Stuart Mill, 1873)
09. Á¾±³¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©(Three Essays on Religion, 1874)
10. »çȸÁÖÀÇ·Ð(Socialism, 1879)
11. Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹Ð ¼±Áý(Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, 1963)
12. Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹Ð¸¦ ¸¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àå¼Ò TOP20(20 Places to meet John Stuart Mill)
13. ¿Àµð¿ÀºÏÀ¸·Î µè´Â Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹Ð(Audio Books of John Stuart Mill)
14. Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹Ð ¾î·Ï 115¼±(115 Quotes of John Stuart Mill)
¢º ¿µ¾î°íÀü1,151 Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹ÐÀÇ Á¤Ä¡°æÁ¦ÇÐ ¿ø¸® Á¦5±Ç 1848(English Classics1,151 Principles of Political Economy by John Stuart Mill)
Preface.
¢¹ Introductory
A Sketch Of The History Of Political Economy.
Books For Consultation(From English, French, And German Authors).
Preliminary Remarks.
¢º Book V. On The Influence Of Government.
¢¹ Chapter I. On The General Principles Of Taxation.
¡×1. Four fundamental rules of Taxation.
¡×2. Grounds of the principle of Equality of Taxation.
¡×3. Should the same percentage be levied on all amounts of Income?
¡×4. Should the same percentage be levied on Perpetual and on Terminable Incomes?
¡×5. The increase of the rent of land from natural causes a fit subject of peculiar Taxation.
¡×6. Taxes falling on Capital not necessarily objectionable.
¢¹ Chapter II. Of Direct Taxes.
¡×1. Direct taxes either on income or expenditure.
¡×2. Taxes on rent.
¡×3. ?on profits.
¡×4. ?on Wages.
¡×5. ?on Income.
¡×6. A House-Tax.
¢¹ Chapter III. Of Taxes On Commodities, Or Indirect Taxes.
¡×1. A Tax on all commodities would fall on Profits.
¡×2. Taxes on particular commodities fall on the consumer.
¡×3. Peculiar effects of taxes on Necessaries.
¡×4. ?how modified by the tendency of profits to a minimum.
¡×5. Effects of discriminating Duties.
¡×6. Effects produced on international Exchange by Duties on Exports and on Imports.
¢¹ Chapter IV. Comparison Between Direct And Indirect Taxation.
¡×1. Arguments for and against direct Taxation.
¡×2. What forms of indirect taxation are most eligible?
¡×3. Practical rules for indirect taxation.
¡×4. Taxation systems of the United States and other Countries.
¡×5. A Resume of the general principles of taxation.
¢¹ Chapter V. Of A National Debt.
¡×1. Is it desirable to defray extraordinary public expenses by loans?
¡×2. Not desirable to redeem a national Debt by a general Contribution.
¡×3. In what cases desirable to maintain a surplus revenue for the redemption of Debt.
¢¹ Chapter VI. Of An Interference Of Government Grounded On Erroneous Theories.
¡×1. The doctrine of Protection to Native Industry.
¡×2. ?had its origin in the Mercantile System.
¡×3. ?supported by pleas of national subsistence and national defense.
¡×4. ?on the ground of encouraging young industries; colonial policy.
¡×5. ?on the ground of high wages.
¡×6. ?on the ground of creating a diversity of industries.
¡×7. ?on the ground that it lowers prices.
¢¹ Appendix I. Bibliographies.
A Brief Bibliography Of The Tariffs Of The United States.
A Brief Bibliography Of Bimetallism.
A Brief Bibliography Of American Shipping.
¢¹ Appendix II. Examination Questions.
Advertisements.
Charts.
Footnotes
¢º ºÎ·Ï(Appendix). ¼¼°èÀÇ °íÀüÀ» ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â È÷Ä¡ÇÏÀÌÄ¿¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¾È³»¼­(The Hitchhiker¡¯s Guide to Worlds¡¯s Classics)
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