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¿µ¾î°íÀü1,155 Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹ÐÀÇ °ø¸®ÁÖÀÇ 1863(English Classics1,155 Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill)

¿µ¾î°íÀü1,155 Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹ÐÀÇ °ø¸®ÁÖÀÇ 1863(English Classics1,155 Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill)

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¢º It is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong. ¿Ç°í ±×¸§ÀÇ Ã´µµ´Â ¡®ÃÖ´ë ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÃÖ´ë Çູ¡¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¢¹ Á¦·¯¹Ì º¥´ã(Jeremy Bentham, 1748~1832)Àº ±× À¯¸íÇÑ 'ÃÖ´ë ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÃÖ´ë Çູ(the greatest happiness of the greatest number)'À̶õ ¾î·ÏÀ» ³²±ä ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ·Î ÀÌ¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÐ ¿øÇü ±³µµ¼Ò ÆijñƼÄÜ(Panopticon)À» °í¾ÈÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÆijñƼÄÜÀº ÈÄ´ëÀÇ ±³µµ¼Ò »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Çб³, °øÀå, ±º´ë µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀοøÀÌ ¹ÐÁýÇÑ °ø°£À» °Ç¼³ÇÒ ¶§ Àû¿ëÇÑ ¸ðµ¨·Î È°¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ·Î Çö´ëÀο¡°Ô °áÄÚ ³¸¼³Áö ¾ÊÀº Àι°ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¢¹ Á¦·¯¹Ì º¥´ã°ú Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹ÐÀº °°Àº °ø¸®ÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÌÁö¸¸, º¥´ãÀº °³ÀÎÀÇ Äè¶ôÀ» ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¾çÀ¸·Î °è»êÇÑ ¹Ý¸é ¹ÐÀº ÁúÀûÀÎ Â÷À̱îÁö È®ÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹ÐÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ» ´ãÀº °ø¸®ÁÖÀÇ(Utilitarianism, 1861)´Â 1861³â ÇÁ·¹ÀÌÀú ¸Å°ÅÁø(Fraser's Magazine)À» ÅëÇØ 3ȸ¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¿¬ÀçµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 2³â ÈÄ ´ÜÇົÀ¸·Î Ãâ°£µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¢¹ ÀÌÈÄ 19¼¼±â¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ Àι®ÁÖÀÇÀû µµ´öÀÇ °¡Àå ¿µÇâ·Â Àִ öÇÐÀû Ç¥Çö(the most influential philosophical articulation of a liberal humanistic morality that was produced in the nineteenth century)À̶õ Æò°¡¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ¼¼°è °¢±¹¿¡¼­ ÃâÆǵǾú°í ±¹³»¿¡µµ ¿©·¯ ¹ø¿ª¼­°¡ Ãâ°£µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 1,999¼±°ú ÇÔ²² ¾îÁ¦µµ, ¿À´Ãµµ, ³»Àϵµ ¸ÚÁø ¹®Çп©ÇàÀ»!

¢º CHAPTER I. GENERAL REMARKS. There are few circumstances among those which make up the present condition of human knowledge, more unlike what might have been expected, or more significant of the backward state in which speculation on the most important subjects still lingers, than the little progress which has been made in the decision of the controversy respecting the criterion of right and wrong. ¢¹ Á¦1Àå. ÀϹݻçÇ×. Àΰ£ Áö½ÄÀÇ ÇöÀç »óŸ¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â »óȲ Áß¿¡´Â ¿¹»óÇß´ø °Í°ú´Â ´õ ´Ù¸£°Å³ª, °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃßÃøÀÌ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ÈÄÁø »óÅ°¡ ¾à°£ ÁøÀüµÈ °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ½É°¢ÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¿Ç°í ±×¸§ÀÇ ±âÁØ¿¡ °üÇÑ ³íÀïÀÇ °áÁ¤¿¡¼­.

¢º From the dawn of philosophy, the question concerning the summum bonum, or, what is the same thing, concerning the foundation of morality, has been accounted the main problem in speculative thought, has occupied the most gifted intellects, and divided them into sects and schools, carrying on a vigorous warfare against one another. ¢¹ öÇÐÀÇ ¿©¸í±âºÎÅÍ µµ´öÀÇ ±âÃÊ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÃÖ°í¼±, Áï µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®Á¦´Â »çº¯Àû »ç°íÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¹®Á¦·Î °£ÁÖµÇ¾î °¡Àå Àç´É ÀÖ´Â Áö¼ºÀ» Â÷ÁöÇßÀ¸¸ç ±×µéÀ» ¿©·¯ Á¾ÆÄ¿Í ¿©·¯ Á¾ÆÄ·Î ³ª´©¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Çб³´Â ¼­·Î Ä¡¿­ÇÑ ÀüÀïÀ» ¹úÀÌ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¢º And after more than two thousand years the same discussions continue, philosophers are still ranged under the same contending banners, and neither thinkers nor mankind at large seem nearer to being unanimous on the subject, than when the youth Socrates listened to the old Protagoras, and asserted (if Plato's dialogue be grounded on a real conversation) the theory of utilitarianism against the popular morality of the so-called sophist. ¢¹ ±×¸®°í 2000³âÀÌ ³Ñ´Â ¼¼¿ùÀÌ Áö³­ ÈÄ¿¡µµ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Åä·ÐÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ°í öÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °æÀï ±âÄ¡ ¾Æ·¡ ¹è¿­µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç »ç»ó°¡³ª Àηù Àüü°¡ ÀÌ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ °üÇØ ¸¸ÀåÀÏÄ¡¿¡ ´õ °¡±î¿öÁø °Í °°Áö´Â ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. û³â ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º°¡ ´ÄÀº ÇÁ·ÎŸ°í¶ó½ºÀÇ ¸»À» µé¾úÀ» ¶§º¸´Ù. (ÇöóÅæÀÇ ´ëÈ­°¡ ½ÇÁ¦ ´ëÈ­¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é) ¼ÒÀ§ ±Ëº¯ÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÇ ´ëÁß µµ´ö¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â °ø¸®ÁÖÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ÁÖÀåÇß½À´Ï´Ù.

¢º CHAPTER II. WHAT UTILITARIANISM IS. A passing remark is all that needs be given to the ignorant blunder of supposing that those who stand up for utility as the test of right and wrong, use the term in that restricted and merely colloquial sense in which utility is opposed to pleasure. ¢¹ Á¦2Àå. °ø¸®ÁÖÀǶõ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡. °ø¸®¸¦ ¿Ç°í ±×¸§ÀÇ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °ø¸®¸¦ Äè¶ô¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÌ°í ´ÜÁö ±¸¾îÀûÀÎ Àǹ̷Π±× ¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹«ÁöÇÑ ½Ç¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àá±ñ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù.

¢º CHAPTER III. OF THE ULTIMATE SANCTION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY. The question is often asked, and properly so, in regard to any supposed moral standard?What is its sanction? what are the motives to obey it? or more specifically, what is the source of its obligation? whence does it derive its binding force? It is a necessary part of moral philosophy to provide the answer to this question; which, though frequently assuming the shape of an objection to the utilitarian morality, as if it had some special applicability to that above others, really arises in regard to all standards. ¢¹ Á¦3Àå. °ø¸® ¿øÄ¢ÀÇ ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ Á¦Àç¿¡ °üÇÑ °Í. °¡Á¤µÈ µµ´öÀû Ç¥ÁØ°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© Á¾Á¾ Áú¹®ÀÌ Á¦±âµÇ´Âµ¥, ±×·¯ÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÀº ¹«¾ùÀ» ½ÂÀÎÇϴ°¡? ±×°Í¿¡ ¼øÁ¾ÇÏ´Â µ¿±â´Â ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî? ¶Ç´Â ´õ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î, ±× Àǹ«ÀÇ ¿øõÀº ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî? ±¸¼Ó·ÂÀº ¾îµð¼­ ³ª¿À´Â°¡? ÀÌ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº µµ´ö öÇÐÀÇ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ºÎºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Á¾Á¾ °ø¸®ÁÖÀÇ µµ´ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý´ëÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸¶Ä¡ ´Ù¸¥ µµ´öº¸´Ù ´õ Ưº°ÇÑ Àû¿ë °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ¸ðµç Ç¥ÁØ°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¢º CHAPTER IV. OF WHAT SORT OF PROOF THE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY IS SUSCEPTIBLE. It has already been remarked, that questions of ultimate ends do not admit of proof, in the ordinary acceptation of the term. To be incapable of proof by reasoning is common to all first principles; to the first premises of our knowledge, as well as to those of our conduct. But the former, being matters of fact, may be the subject of a direct appeal to the faculties which judge of fact?namely, our senses, and our internal consciousness. Can an appeal be made to the same faculties on questions of practical ends? Or by what other faculty is cognizance taken of them? ¢¹ Á¦4Àå. °ø¸®ÀÇ ¿ø¸®°¡ ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ Áõ°Å¿¡ Ãë¾àÇÑ°¡. ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀû¿¡ °üÇÑ Áú¹®Àº ±× ¿ë¾î¸¦ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¶§ Áõ°Å¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â Á¡Àº ÀÌ¹Ì ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Ã߷п¡ ÀÇÇÑ Áõ¸íÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç Á¦1¿ø¸®¿¡ °øÅëÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸® Áö½ÄÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ÀüÁ¦»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ì¸® ÇൿÀÇ ÀüÁ¦¿¡µµ Àû¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀüÀÚ´Â »ç½ÇÀÇ ¹®Á¦À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ »ç½ÇÀ» ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Â ´É·Â, Áï ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¨°¢°ú ³»Àû ÀǽĿ¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀΠȣ¼ÒÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀû¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Çкο¡ È£¼ÒÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ¾Æ´Ï¸é ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² ´É·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àνĵ˴ϱî?

¢º ¸ñÂ÷(Index)
Á¦1Àå. ÀϹݻçÇ×(General Remarks)
Á¦2Àå. °ø¸®ÁÖÀǶõ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡(What Utilitarianism Is)
Á¦3Àå. °ø¸® ¿øÄ¢ÀÇ ±Ã±ØÀû Á¦Àç¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©(Of The Ultimate Sanction Of The Principle Of Utility)
Á¦4Àå. °ø¸®ÀÇ ¿ø¸®°¡ ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ Áõ°Å¿¡ Ãë¾àÇÑ°¡(Of What Sort Of Proof The Principle Of Utility Is Susceptible)
Á¦5Àå. Á¤ÀÇ¿Í °ø¸®ÀÇ °ü°è(Of The Connexion Between Justice And Utility)

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-¸ñÂ÷(Index)-
¢º ÇÁ·Ñ·Î±×(Prologue). Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 1,999¼±À» Àоî¾ß ÇÏ´Â 7°¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯
¢º 14°¡Áö Å°¿öµå·Î Àд Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹Ð(John Stuart Mill, 1806~1873)
01. Çö´ë ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ(Modern liberalism)¿Í ¸®¹ö·² Æä¹Ì´ÏÁò(Liberal feminism)À» ³ë·¡ÇÑ ¿µ±¹ öÇÐÀÚ(English Philosopher)
02. ³í¸®ÇРü°è(A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, 1843)
03. Á¤Ä¡°æÁ¦ÇÐ ¿ø¸®(Principles of Political Economy, 1848)
04. ÀÚÀ¯·Ð(On Liberty, 1859)
05. °ø¸®ÁÖÀÇ(Utilitarianism, 1861)
06. ´ëÀÇÁ¤ºÎ·Ð(Considerations on Representative Government, 1861)
07. ¿©¼ºÀÇ Á¾¼Ó(The Subjection of Women, 1869)
08. Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹ÐÀÇ Á÷Á¢ ¾´ ÀÚ¼­Àü(The Autobiography of John Stuart Mill, 1873)
09. Á¾±³¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©(Three Essays on Religion, 1874)
10. »çȸÁÖÀÇ·Ð(Socialism, 1879)
11. Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹Ð ¼±Áý(Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, 1963)
12. Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹Ð¸¦ ¸¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àå¼Ò TOP20(20 Places to meet John Stuart Mill)
13. ¿Àµð¿ÀºÏÀ¸·Î µè´Â Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹Ð(Audio Books of John Stuart Mill)
14. Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹Ð ¾î·Ï 115¼±(115 Quotes of John Stuart Mill)
¢º ¿µ¾î°íÀü1,155 Á¸ ½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¹ÐÀÇ °ø¸®ÁÖÀÇ 1863(English Classics1,155 Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill)
Chapter I. General Remarks
Chapter II. What Utilitarianism Is
Chapter II. Footnotes
Chapter III. Of The Ultimate Sanction Of The Principle Of Utility
Chapter IV. Of What Sort Of Proof The Principle Of Utility Is Susceptible
Chapter V. Of The Connexion Between Justice And Utility
Chapter V. Footnotes
¢º ºÎ·Ï(Appendix). ¼¼°èÀÇ °íÀüÀ» ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â È÷Ä¡ÇÏÀÌÄ¿¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¾È³»¼­(The Hitchhiker¡¯s Guide to Worlds¡¯s Classics)
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