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¢º Àλý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³Ã¼ÒÀûÀÎ ½Ã¼± 1912(A Cynic Looks at Life by Ambrose Bierce)´Â Àΰ£ º»¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³Ã¼ÒÀûÀΠŵµ·Î ¾²¶ó¸° ºñ¾î½º(Bitter Bierce)¶ó°í ºÒ¸° 19¼¼±â ¹Ì±¹ ÀÛ°¡ ¾Úºê·ÎÁî ºñ¾î½º(Ambrose Bierce, 1842~1914?)°¡ 70¼¼(1912³â)ÀÇ ¿ø¼÷ÇÑ ½Ã±â¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ¼öÇÊÁý(American Essays)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸ñÂ÷»óÀ¸·Î 8ÆíÀÇ ¿¡¼¼À̸¦ Æ÷°ýÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, °¡Àå ±ä ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ¶óµµ ÃÖ´ë 5 ´Ü¶ôÀ¸·Î ¼¼ºÐÈ­µÇ¾î Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ºÎ´ã¾øÀÌ, ¼ø¼­¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ Àбâ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ª¼³ÀûÀ¸·Î °³º° ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ ºÐ·®ÀÌ Âª±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÀÛ°¡ ƯÀ¯ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ¼³Á¤°ú ¿©¿îÀÌ ³²´Â ¹ÝÀü µîÀÇ ¸Å·ÂÀ» ÇѲ¯ Áñ±â½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 1,999¼±°ú ÇÔ²² ¾îÁ¦µµ, ¿À´Ãµµ, ³»Àϵµ ¸ÚÁø ¹®Çп©ÇàÀ»!

¢º ºñ¾î½º°¡ 70¼¼(1912³â)ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ·Î ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ Àλý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³Ã¼ÒÀûÀÎ ½Ã¼± 1912(A Cynic Looks at Life by Ambrose Bierce)´Â ºñ¾î½º ƯÀ¯ÀÇ °©ÀÛ½º·¯¿î Àü°³(An Abrupt Beginning), ¾îµÎÄÄÄÄÇÑ À̹ÌÁö(Dark Imagery), ½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðÈ£¼º(Vague References To Time), µ¶ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ºÒÄ£ÀýÇÑ ¼³¸í(Limited Deions), Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ »ç°Ç(Impossible Events), ±×¸®°í ÂüÀü¿ë»ç·Î½á ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ÒÀç·Î »ïÀº ÀüÀï(The Theme Of War) µîÀÇ Æ¯Â¡°ú ÀüÇô »ó¹ÝµÈ ¸Å·ÂÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¼öÇÊÁý(American Essays)À¸·Î ÀÛ°¡ÀÇ ½ÃÀÎÀ¸·Î½áÀÇ Çʷ°ú ÇÊü¸¦ Áñ±â°í ½ÍÀº µ¶ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÃßõÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¢º CIVILIZATION. The question "Does civilization civilize?" is a fine example of petitio principii, and decides itself in the affirmative; for civilization must needs do that from the doing of which it has its name. But it is not necessary to suppose that he who propounds is either unconscious of his lapse in logic or desirous of digging a pitfall for the feet of those who discuss; I take it he simply wishes to put the matter in an impressive way, and relies upon a certain degree of intelligence in the interpretation. ¢¹ ¹®¸í(CIVILIZATION). "¹®¸íÀº ¹®¸íÈ­µÇ´Â°¡?"¶ó´Â Áú¹®Àº ¼Ò½Ã¹Î ¿ø¸®ÀÇ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¿¹À̸ç, ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ ½º½º·Î¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¹®¸íÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À̸§À» °¡Áø ÇൿÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹®¸íÈ­¸¦ ÇØ¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀ» ÃßÁøÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³í¸®Àû ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÀǽÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ³íÀÇÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹ßÀ» À§ÇØ ÇÔÁ¤À» ÆÄ°í ½Í¾î ÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ±×°¡ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀλóÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÇØ°áÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇϸç, Çؼ®¿¡ À־ ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ Áö´É¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¢º THE DEATH PENALTY. "Down with the gallows!" is a cry not unfamiliar in America. There is always a movement afoot to make odious the just principle; of "a life for a life"?to represent it as "a relic of barbarism," "a usurpation of the divine authority," and the rest of it. The law making murder punishable by death is as purely a measure of self-defense as is the display of a pistol to one diligently endeavoring to kill without provocation. It is in precisely the same sense an admonition, a warning to abstain from crime. ¢¹ »çÇüÁ¦µµ(THE DEATH PENALTY). "±³¼ö´ë¸¦ ¹«³Ê¶ß·Á¶ó!" ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ³¸¼³Áö ¾ÊÀº ¿ÜħÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¤´çÇÑ ¿øÄ¢À» Çø¿À½º·´°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÌ Ç×»ó ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. "»ý¸í¿¡´Â »ý¸í"À̶ó´Â °³³äÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© À̸¦ "¾ß¸¸ÀÇ À¯¹°", "½ÅÀû ±ÇÀ§ÀÇ ÂùÅ»" µîÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÕ´Ï´Ù. »ìÀÎÀ» »çÇüÀ¸·Î ó¹úÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀº ÀÌÀ¯ ¾øÀÌ »ìÀÎÀ» ÇÏ·Á°í ºÎÁö·±È÷ ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ±ÇÃÑÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¼øÀüÈ÷ Á¤´ç¹æÀ§ÀÇ Ã´µµÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Á¤È®È÷ °°Àº Àǹ̿¡¼­ ¹üÁ˸¦ »ï°¡¶ó´Â ÈÆ°è, °æ°íÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¢º IMMORTALITY. The desire for life everlasting has commonly been affirmed to be universal?at least that is the view taken by those unacquainted with Oriental faiths and with Oriental character. Those of us whose knowledge is a trifle wider are not prepared to say that the desire is universal nor even general. If the devout Buddhist, for example, wishes to "live always," he has not succeeded in very clearly formulating the desire. The sort of thing that he is pleased to hope for is not what we should call life, and not what many of us would care for. ¢¹ ºÒ»ç(IMMORTALITY). ¿µ»ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿­¸ÁÀº º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎµÇ¾î ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. Àû¾îµµ ±×°ÍÀº µ¿¾ç ½Å¾Ó°ú µ¿¾çÀû ¼º°ÝÀ» Àß ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÃëÇÏ´Â °ßÇØÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áö½ÄÀÌ Á¶±Ý ´õ ³ÐÀº ¿ì¸®´Â ±× ¿å±¸°¡ º¸ÆíÀûÀ̰ųª ½ÉÁö¾î ÀϹÝÀûÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, µ¶½ÇÇÑ ºÒ±³µµ°¡ "Ç×»ó »ì±â"¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù¸é ±× ¼Ò¸ÁÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â ¼º°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×°¡ ±â»µÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ »îÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ¿ì¸® Áß ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °ü½ÉÀ» °®´Â °Íµµ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.

¢º EMANCIPATED WOMAN. What I should like to know is, how "the enlargement of woman's sphere" by her entrance into various activities of commercial, professional and industrial life benefits the sex. It may please Helen Gougar and satisfy her sense of logical accuracy to say, as she does: "We women must work in order to fill the places left vacant by liquor-drinking men." But who filled these places before? Did they remain vacant, or were there then disappointed applicants, as now? If my memory serves, there has been no time in the period that it covers when the supply of workers?abstemious male workers?was not in excess of the demand. That it has always been so is sufficiently attested by the universally inadequate wage rate. ¢¹ ÇعæµÈ ¿©¼º(EMANCIPATED WOMAN). Á¦°¡ ¾Ë°í ½ÍÀº °ÍÀº, »ó¾÷Àû, Á÷¾÷Àû, »ê¾÷ÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ È°µ¿¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á '¿©¼ºÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ» È®ÀåÇÏ´Â °Í'ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼º¿¡ ÇýÅÃÀ» ÁÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Çï·» ±¸°Å ¾¾¸¦ ±â»Ú°Ô ÇÏ°í ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ Á¤È®¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×³àÀÇ ¸»À» ¸¸Á·½ÃÄÑ ÁÙÁöµµ ¸ð¸£°Ú±º¿ä. "¿ì¸®´Â ¼úÀ» ¸¶½Ã´Â ³²¼ºµé·Î ÀÎÇØ °ø¼®ÀÌ µÈ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¸Þ¿ì±â À§ÇØ ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù." ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ´©°¡ Àü¿¡ ä¿üÀ»±î¿ä? ¾Æ´Ï¸é Áö±Ýó·³ ½Ç¸ÁÇÑ Áö¿øÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú³ª¿ä? Á¦ ±â¾ïÀ¸·Î´Â, ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ °ø±ÞÀÌ ¼ö¿ä¸¦ ÃÊ°úÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ½Ã±â´Â °ú°Å¿¡µµ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Ç×»ó ±×·¸°Ô µÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº, º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒÃæºÐÇÑ Àӱݷü·Îµµ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÔÁõµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.