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¿µ¾î°íÀü1,246 Àè ·±´øÀÇ °­Ã¶ ±ºÈ­(¾ÆÀ̾ð Èú) 1908(English Classics1,246 The Iron Heel by Jack London)


¿µ¾î°íÀü1,246 Àè ·±´øÀÇ °­Ã¶ ±ºÈ­(¾ÆÀ̾ð Èú) 1908(English Classics1,246 The Iron Heel by Jack London)

¿µ¾î°íÀü1,246 Àè ·±´øÀÇ °­Ã¶ ±ºÈ­(¾ÆÀ̾ð Èú) 1908(English Classics1,246 The Iron Heel by Jack London)

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¢º Ãʱâ ÇüÅÂÀÇ Çö´ë µð½ºÅäÇÇ¾Æ ¼Ò¼³(the earliest of the modern dystopian fiction) Áß Çϳª! : ¿µ¾î°íÀü1,246 Àè ·±´øÀÇ °­Ã¶ ±ºÈ­(¾ÆÀ̾ð Èú) 1908(English Classics1,246 The Iron Heel by Jack London)Àº 19¼¼±â ¹Ì±¹ÀÛ°¡ Àè ·±´ø(Jack London, 1876~1916)ÀÇ »çÀ̾𽺠ÇȼÇ(science fiction), ±× Áß¿¡¼­µµ »çȸ °úÇÐ ¼Ò¼³(Social science fiction)À̶õ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÀÛÇ°À¸·Î ¿ì¸®(We, 1924), ¸ÚÁø ½Å¼¼°è(Brave New World, 1931), ·¹À̺¸À§Ã÷¸¦ À§ÇÑ Âù°¡(A Canticle for Leibowitz, 1959) µî°ú ÇÔ²² Ãʱâ ÇüÅÂÀÇ Çö´ë µð½ºÅäÇÇ¾Æ ¼Ò¼³(the earliest of the modern dystopian fiction)·Î ²ÅÈü´Ï´Ù. 1908³â Á¶Áö ÇöóÆ® ºê·¿ ½á(George Platt Brett Sr.)¿¡¼­ Ãâ°£µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÈÄ´ëÀÇ »çȸ °úÇÐ ¼Ò¼³¿¡ Áö´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆÀ¸¸ç, ³²¼º ÀÛ°¡ÀÇ ¿©¼º ÁÖÀΰøÀÇ 1ÀÎĪ ¼­¼úÀ̶õ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ½Ã°¢À̶ó´Â Á¡µµ ÇØ´ç ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ °³¼ºÀ» Àß º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÀåÄ¡ÀÌÁö¿ä. Çѱ¹ÀÇ µ¶Àڵ鿡°Õ »ý¼ÒÇÑ ÀÛÇ°ÀÌÁö¸¸ °­Ã¶ ±ºÈ­(The Iron Heel, 1919)¿Í °úµÎÁ¦ÀÇ °­Ã¶±ºÈ­(The Iron Heel of Oligarchy, 1999)¶õ Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ ¿µÈ­È­µÇ±âµµ ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

¢º ¿©ÁÖÀΰø ¿¡À̺ñ½º ¿¡¹öÇϵå(Avis Everhard)´Â »çȸÁÖÀÇÀÚ ¾î´Ï½ºÆ® ¿¡¹öÇϵå(Ernest Everhard)ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é¼­, Çö´ë »çȸÀÇ ²ûÂïÇÑ ³ëµ¿ ÂøÃëÀÇ Çö½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¶±Ý¾¿ ¾Ë¾Æ°¡°Ô µÇ°í, ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ Å« Ãæ°ÝÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ»ÀÌ µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¸¦ Á¡·ÉÇÏ°í, ¼¼°è °¢Áö¿¡¼­ °úµÎÁ¤Ä¡°¡ ȾȾÇÏ´Â °¡¿îµ¥ °ú¿¬ ÀηùÀÇ ¿î¸íÀº ¾î¶»°Ô µÉ °ÍÀΰ¡...?! 1920³â´ëºÎÅÍ 1930³â´ë±îÁö ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ, µ¶ÀÏ, ½ºÆäÀÎ µî¿¡¼­ ´ë±Ô¸ð ÁÂÆÄ ¿îµ¿ÀÌ ÀϾÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, º£´ÏÅä ¹«¼Ö¸®´Ï(Benito Andrea Amilcare Mussolini, 1883~1945), ¾Æµ¹ÇÁ È÷Ʋ·¯(Adolf Hitler, 1889~1945), ÇÁ¶õ½Ã½ºÄÚ ÇÁ¶ûÄÚ(Francisco Franco, 1892~1975) µî°ú °°Àº µ¶ÀçÁÖÀÇÀÚ°¡ ´ëÁßÀûÀÎ Àα⸦ ²ö °ÍÀº Àè ·±´øÀÇ »çȸÁÖÀÇ ¿îµ¿¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¹Áö¿¡ ºø´ë¾î º¸°Ç´ë Àǹ̽ÉÀåÇÑ ´ë¸ñÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

¢º Àè ·±´øÀº ÀÛÇ°À» ÅëÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ È°µ¿ÇÏ´ø 1900³â´ë ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ »çȸÁÖÀÇ ´ëÁ߿(a socialist mass movement in the United States)ÀÌ °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô ºÎ»óÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ¿¹»óµÇ´Â »çȸÀû, Á¤Ä¡Àû º¯È­¸¦ ¼ÒÀç·Î ¼Ò¼ö°¡ ±Ç·ÂÀ» µ¶Á¡ÇÑ °úµÎÁ¦(Oligarchy) »óȲ ÇÏÀÇ »÷ÇÁ¶õ½Ã½ºÄÚ¸¦ ¹è°æÀ¸·Î, ƯÈ÷ 1912³âºÎÅÍ 1932³âÀÇ ±â°£¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤ÇØ »ý»ýÇÏ°Ô ±×·Á³Â½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÆøÁõÇÏ´Â ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ¿ø ¼ö, ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇÑ ³ëµ¿ ºÒ¾È°ú Æľ÷ Ƚ¼öÀÇ Áõ°¡ µî ÀÛ°¡ÀÇ ¿¹»óÀ» µÞ¹ÞħÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ º¯È­°¡ °¡½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇϱä ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, °á·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹ Á¤°è¸¦ ¹Ù²Ü¸¸ÇÑ º¯È­·Î±îÁö À̾îÁöÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ ¿¹ÃøÀÌ ¿ÂÀüÇÏ°Ô µé¾î¸ÂÀº °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 1,999¼±°ú ÇÔ²² ¾îÁ¦µµ, ¿À´Ãµµ, ³»Àϵµ ¸ÚÁø ¹®Çп©ÇàÀ»!

¢º The rise of the Oligarchy will always remain a cause of secret wonder to the historian and the philosopher. Other great historical events have their place in social evolution. They were inevitable. Their coming could have been predicted with the same certitude that astronomers to-day predict the outcome of the movements of stars. Without these other great historical events, social evolution could not have proceeded. Primitive communism, chattel slavery, serf slavery, and wage slavery were necessary stepping-stones in the evolution of society. But it were ridiculous to assert that the Iron Heel was a necessary stepping-stone. Rather, to-day, is it adjudged a step aside, or a step backward, to the social tyrannies that made the early world a hell, but that were as necessary as the Iron Heel was unnecessary.

¢¹ °úµÎÁ¦ÀÇ ºÎ»óÀº ¿ª»ç°¡¿Í öÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾ðÁ¦³ª Àº¹ÐÇÑ ³î¶ó¿òÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î ³²À» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ À§´ëÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû »ç°Çµéµµ »çȸ ¹ßÀü¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ õ¹®ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ º°ÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ±×µéÀÇ ÃâÇöµµ ¿¹ÃøµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ À§´ëÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû »ç°ÇÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é »çȸ ÁøÈ­´Â ÁøÇàµÉ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ø½Ã °ø»êÁÖÀÇ, µ¿»ê ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ, ³ó³ë ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ, ÀÓ±Ý ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ´Â »çȸ ¹ßÀü¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µðµõµ¹À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °­Ã¶±ºÈ­°¡ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µðµõµ¹À̾ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î󱸴ϰ¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â Ãʱ⠼¼°è¸¦ Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´ø »çȸÀû ÆøÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇÑ °ÉÀ½ ¹°·¯¼­°Å³ª ÇÑ °ÉÀ½ ¹°·¯¼­¶ó°í ÆǴܵ˴ϱî? ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº °­Ã¶±ºÈ­°¡ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸¸Å­ ÇÊ¿äÇß½À´Ï´Ù.

¢º ¡°In the face of labor-saving machinery, of organized production, of the increased efficiency of combination, you would set the economic sun back a whole generation or so to the time when there were no great capitalists, no great machinery, no railroads?a time when a host of little capitalists warred with each other in economic anarchy, and when production was primitive, wasteful, unorganized, and costly. Believe me, Joshua¡¯s task was easier, and he had Jehovah to help him. But God has forsaken you small capitalists. The sun of the small capitalists is setting. It will never rise again. Nor is it in your power even to make it stand still. You are perishing, and you are doomed to perish utterly from the face of society.

¢¹ ¡°³ëµ¿À» Àý¾àÇÏ´Â ±â°è, Á¶Á÷È­µÈ »ý»ê, °áÇÕÀÇ È¿À²¼º Áõ°¡¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ¿© ´ç½ÅÀº °æÁ¦ÀÇ Å¾çÀ» À§´ëÇÑ ÀÚº»°¡µµ, À§´ëÇÑ ±â°èµµ, öµµµµ ¾ø´ø ½Ã´ë·Î ÇÑ ¼¼´ë Á¤µµ µÚ·Î ¹°·¯³ª°Ô ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¸¹Àº ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ÀÚº»°¡µéÀÌ °æÁ¦Àû ¹«Á¤ºÎ »óÅ¿¡¼­ ¼­·Î ÀüÀïÀ» ¹úÀÌ´ø ½ÃÀý, »ý»êÀº ¿ø½ÃÀûÀÌ°í ³¶ºñÀûÀ̸ç Á¶Á÷È­µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦ ¸»À» ¹ÏÀ¸½Ê½Ã¿À. ¿©È£¼ö¾ÆÀÇ ÀÓ¹«´Â ´õ ½¬¿üÀ¸¸ç ¿©È£¿Í²²¼­ ±×¸¦ µµ¿ÍÁּ̽À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Çϳª´ÔÀº ³ÊÈñ ¼ÒÀÚº»°¡µéÀ» ¹ö¸®¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ÒÀÚº»°¡µéÀÇ ÇØ°¡ Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã´Â ÀϾÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀ» °¡¸¸È÷ µÎ´Â °ÍÁ¶Â÷ ³× ´É·Â¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇϴ϶ó. ´ç½ÅÀº ¸ê¸ÁÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, »çȸ ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸ê¸ÁÇÒ ¿î¸í¿¡ óÇØ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¢º The oligarchs themselves were going through a remarkable and, it must be confessed, unexpected development. As a class, they disciplined themselves. Every member had his work to do in the world, and this work he was compelled to do. There were no more idle-rich young men. Their strength was used to give united strength to the Oligarchy. They served as leaders of troops and as lieutenants and captains of industry. They found careers in applied science, and many of them became great engineers. They went into the multitudinous divisions of the government, took service in the colonial possessions, and by tens of thousands went into the various secret services.

¢¹ °úµÎÁ¦ ÀڽŵéÀº ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» °Þ°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, °í¹éÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº ¿¹»óÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ ¹ßÀüÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÇбÞÀ¸·Î¼­ ±×µéÀº ½º½º·Î¸¦ ÈÆ·ÃÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç ȸ¿ø¿¡°Ô´Â ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±×´Â ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» Çϵµ·Ï °­¿ä¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ´õ ÀÌ»ó °ÔÀ¸¸¥ ºÎÀÚ Ã»³âÀº ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ÈûÀº °úµÎÁ¦¿¡ ´Ü°áµÈ ÈûÀ» ÁÖ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±º´ëÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚ, ÁßÀ§ ¹× »ê¾÷ ´ëÀåÀ¸·Î ºÀ»çÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÀ¿ë°úÇÐ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ Á÷¾÷À» ã¾Ò°í, ±×µé Áß ´Ù¼ö´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¿£Áö´Ï¾î°¡ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¼ö¸¹Àº ºÎ¼­¿¡ µé¾î°¡ ½Ä¹ÎÁö ¼ÒÀ¯¿¡ º¹¹«ÇßÀ¸¸ç ¼ö¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºñ¹Ð ±â°ü¿¡ µé¾î°¬½À´Ï´Ù.