<영어로 읽는 고전 _ 사무엘 버틀러의 에레혼>
"Erewhon: Or, Over the Range"는 사무엘 버틀러(Samuel Butler)가 쓴 풍자 소설로, 1872년 처음 익명으로 출판되었다. 제목 "Erewhon"은 "nowhere"의 역 철자법으로, 이 소설이 다양한 상상의 땅을 풍자하는 상상의 땅을 탐험한다는 것을 암시(빅토리아 사회의 측면)한다.
소설의 배경은 뉴질랜드 남섬의 산간지대에 위치한 가상의 나라 에레혼(Erewhon)이다. 에레혼은 질병이 범죄로 간주되고 기계가 의식을 발달시킬 수 있기 때문에 금지되는 유토피아 사회로 묘사되고 있다. 이 이야기는 에레혼을 발견하고 그곳의 독특한 관습과 법칙을 접하게 되는 힉스라는 탐험가의 여정을 따라간다.
소설 전체에서 Butler는 Erewhon을 빅토리아 사회, 특히 종교, 과학, 진화 및 사회적 규범에 대한 태도를 비판하는 수단으로 사용하고 있다. 그는 자유, 개성, 인간과 기술의 관계라는 주제를 탐구한다. 이 소설의 풍자적인 어조와 평행사회에 대한 상상력 넘치는 묘사는 출간되자마자 칭찬과 논란을 모두 불러일으켰다.
"Erewhon"은 버틀러의 가장 중요한 작품 중 하나로 간주되며 후속 SF 및 유토피아 문학 작품에 영향을 미쳤다. 사회 풍자, 철학적 탐구, 상상력이 풍부한 스토리텔링이 혼합된 이 책은 사회와 인간 본성에 대한 대안적인 관점을 탐구하는 데 관심이 있는 독자들을 계속해서 사로잡고 있다.


"Erewhon: Or, Over the Range" is a satirical novel written by Samuel Butler, first published anonymously in 1872. The title "Erewhon" is a reverse anagram of "nowhere", implying that the novel explores an imaginary land that satirizes various imaginary lands (aspects of Victorian society).
The novel is set in the fictional country of Erewhon, located in the mountainous region of New Zealand's South Island. Erewhon is depicted as a utopian society where disease is considered a crime and machines are banned because they can develop consciousness. The story follows the journey of an explorer named Hicks, who discovers Erewhon and encounters its unique customs and laws.
Throughout the novel, Butler uses Erewhon as a means of criticizing Victorian society, particularly its attitudes toward religion, science, evolution, and social norms. He explores themes of freedom, individuality, and the relationship between humans and technology. The novel's satirical tone and imaginative depiction of a parallel society aroused both praise and controversy upon its publication.
"Erewhon" is considered one of Butler's most important works and influenced subsequent works of science fiction and utopian literature. This book's blend of social satire, philosophical exploration, and imaginative storytelling continues to captivate readers interested in exploring alternative perspectives on society and human nature.

Summary
If the reader will excuse me, I will say nothing of my antecedents, nor of the circumstances which led me to leave my native country; the narrative would be tedious to him and painful to myself. Suffice it, that when I left home it was with the intention of going to some new colony, and either finding, or even perhaps purchasing, waste crown land suitable for cattle or sheep farming, by which means I thought that I could better my fortunes more rapidly than in England.
It will be seen that I did not succeed in my design, and that however much I may have met with that was new and strange, I have been unable to reap any pecuniary advantage.

Contents
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION
PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION

CHAPTER I. WASTE LANDS
CHAPTER II. IN THE WOOL-SHED
CHAPTER III. UP THE RIVER
CHAPTER IV. THE SADDLE
CHAPTER V. THE RIVER AND THE RANGE
CHAPTER VI. INTO EREWHON
CHAPTER VII. FIRST IMPRESSIONS
CHAPTER VIII. IN PRISON
CHAPTER IX. TO THE METROPOLIS
CHAPTER X. CURRENT OPINIONS
CHAPTER XI. SOME EREWHONIAN TRIALS
CHAPTER XII. MALCONTENTS
CHAPTER XIII. THE VIEWS OF THE EREWHONIANS CONCERNING DEATH
CHAPTER XIV. MAHAINA
CHAPTER XV. THE MUSICAL BANKS
CHAPTER XVI. AROWHENA
CHAPTER XVII. YDGRUN AND THE YDGRUNITES
CHAPTER XVIII. BIRTH FORMULAE
CHAPTER XIX. THE WORLD OF THE UNBORN
CHAPTER XX. WHAT THEY MEAN BY IT
CHAPTER XXI. THE COLLEGES OF UNREASON
CHAPTER XXII. THE COLLEGES OF UNREASON?Continued
CHAPTER XXIII. THE BOOK OF THE MACHINES
CHAPTER XXIV. THE MACHINES?continued
CHAPTER XXV. THE MACHINES?concluded
CHAPTER XXVI. THE VIEWS OF AN EREWHONIAN PROPHET CONCERNING THE RIGHTS OF ANIMALS
CHAPTER XXVII. THE VIEWS OF AN EREWHONIAN PHILOSOPHER CONCERNING THE RIGHTS OF VEGETABLES
CHAPTER XXVIII. ESCAPE
CHAPTER XXIX. CONCLUSION