<영어로 읽는 고전 _ 사무엘 버틀러의 공정한 안식처>
“공정한 안식처”는 새뮤얼 버틀러가 쓴 책으로, 1873년 처음 익명으로 출판됐다. 기독교 신학과 성경, 특히 신약성경을 중심으로 풍자적이고 회의적인 고찰을 제시해 논란이 되고 있는 작품이다.
"The Fair Haven"에서 버틀러는 존 피커드 오웬(John Pickard Owen)이라는 가명을 사용하고 마치 정통 기독교에 대한 믿음을 잃은 성직자인 것처럼 글을 쓰고 있다. 이 책은 성직자와 다양한 대담자들 사이의 대화 형식을 취하며, 그곳에서 그들은 신학 교리, 성서 본문, 복음서의 신뢰성에 대해 토론하고 토론한다.
이 책의 중심 주제 중 하나는 버틀러가 성경과 기독교 가르침에서 인식하는 불일치와 모순에 대한 비판이다. 그는 기적, 예수 그리스도의 신성, 기독교의 도덕적 가르침에 대한 전통적인 해석에 도전한다. 버틀러는 풍자와 아이러니를 사용하여 성경 기록의 신뢰성에 의문을 제기하고 기독교 교리 내에서 그가 보는 논리적, 윤리적 문제를 강조하고 있다.
"The Fair Haven"은 출판 당시 뿌리깊은 종교적 신념에 도전하고 신앙과 회의론의 본질에 대한 논쟁을 불러일으켰기 때문에 논란과 비판을 받았다. 도발적인 성격에도 불구하고 이 책은 민감한 종교적 주제를 다루는 버틀러의 재치, 문학적 기술, 지적 용기를 보여주고 있다.


“Beautiful Harbor” is a book written by Samuel Butler and first published anonymously in 1873. It is a controversial work that presents a satirical and skeptical examination of Christian theology and the Bible, especially the New Testament.
In "The Fair Haven" Butler uses the pseudonym John Pickard Owen and writes as if he were a clergyman who had lost his faith in orthodox Christianity. The book takes the form of a dialogue between clergy and various interlocutors, in which they discuss and debate theological doctrines, biblical texts, and the reliability of the Gospels.
One of the central themes of the book is Butler's critique of the inconsistencies and contradictions he perceives in the Bible and Christian teachings. He challenges traditional interpretations of miracles, the divinity of Jesus Christ, and the moral teachings of Christianity. Butler uses satire and irony to question the reliability of the biblical account and to highlight the logical and ethical problems he sees within Christian doctrine.
"The Fair Haven" was met with controversy and criticism when it was published because it challenged deeply held religious beliefs and sparked debate about the nature of faith and skepticism. Despite its provocative nature, the book demonstrates Butler's wit, literary skill, and intellectual courage in dealing with sensitive religious topics.

Summary
It is to be feared that there is no work upon the evidences of our faith, which is as satisfactory in its completeness and convincing power as we have a right to expect when we consider the paramount importance of the subject and the activity of our enemies. Otherwise why should there be no sign of yielding on the part of so many sincere and eminent men who have heard all that has been said upon the Christian side and are yet not convinced by it? We cannot think that the many philosophers who make no secret of their opposition to the Christian religion are unacquainted with the works of Butler and Paley?of Mansel and Liddon. This cannot be: they must be acquainted with them, and find them fail.

Contents
Introduction by R. A. Streatfeild
Butler’s Preface to the Second Edition

Memoir of the late John Pickard Owen
I.
II.
III
IV

The Fair Haven
I. Introduction
II. Strauss and the Hallucination Theory
III. The Character and Conversion of St. Paul
IV. Paul’s Testimony considered
V. A Consideration of Certain Ill-judged Methods of Defence
VI. More Disingenuousness
VII. Difficulties felt by our Opponents
VIII. The Preceding Chapter Continued
IX. The Christ-Ideal
X. Conclusion