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Zane Grey의 "To the Last Man"은 1921년에 출판된 서부 소설입니다. 이 작품은 실제 역사적 사건인 '플레전트 밸리 전쟁'(Pleasant Valley War)을 바탕으로 하고 있으며, 애리조나의 Tonto Basin에서 벌어진 목장주들과 양치기들 사이의 피비린내 나는 갈등을 그리고 있습니다.

소설의 중심에는 Isbel 가문과 Jorth 가문의 오랜 반목이 자리 잡고 있습니다. 주인공 Jean Isbel은 아버지의 부름을 받고 오레곤에서 애리조나로 돌아와 가문의 갈등에 휘말리게 됩니다. 이야기는 두 가문 간의 복수전과 그 속에서 피어나는 Jean과 Ellen Jorth의 비극적 로맨스를 중심으로 전개됩니다.
Grey는 이 작품을 통해 복수, 폭력의 순환, 가족의 의무, 그리고 사랑과 증오의 얇은 경계를 탐구합니다. 소설은 서부의 무법 상태와 약탈의 현실을 적나라하게 보여주며, 동시에 인간 본성의 복잡성을 깊이 있게 다룹니다.
작품은 Grey 특유의 생생한 자연 묘사가 돋보입니다. Tonto Basin의 험준한 지형과 아름다운 풍경이 이야기의 중요한 배경이 되며, 인물들의 행동과 심리를 반영하는 거울 역할을 합니다.
"To the Last Man"은 Zane Grey의 가장 폭력적이고 비극적인 작품 중 하나로 평가받습니다. 이는 실제 역사적 사건의 잔혹성을 반영한 결과이기도 합니다. 그러나 Grey는 이러한 폭력성을 단순히 선정적으로 다루지 않고, 그 근원과 결과에 대한 깊은 성찰을 제공합니다.
이 소설은 서부 개척 시대의 어두운 면을 보여주는 중요한 작품으로 인정받고 있습니다. 또한 Grey의 문학적 성숙도를 잘 보여주는 작품으로, 단순한 오락물을 넘어 인간 본성과 사회의 폭력성에 대한 깊이 있는 탐구를 제공합니다.

"To the Last Man"은 역사적 사실에 기반을 둔 픽션의 좋은 예시로, 서부 문학의 고전으로 자리 잡았으며, Zane Grey의 대표작 중 하나로 평가받고 있습니다.


Zane Grey's "To the Last Man" is a western novel published in 1921. It is based on the real historical event, the Pleasant Valley War, and depicts the bloody conflict between ranchers and shepherds in the Tonto Basin, Arizona.

At the center of the novel is the long-standing feud between the Isbel and Jorth families. The protagonist, Jean Isbel, returns to Arizona from Oregon after her father calls her and becomes embroiled in the family conflict. The story revolves around the revenge war between the two families and the tragic romance between Jean and Ellen Jorth that blossoms amidst it.
Through this work, Grey explores revenge, the cycle of violence, familial obligations, and the thin line between love and hate. The novel vividly depicts the lawlessness and plunder of the West, while also deeply exploring the complexities of human nature.
The novel stands out for Grey's characteristically vivid depiction of nature. The rugged terrain and beautiful landscape of Tonto Basin serve as important backdrops for the story, and serve as a mirror to reflect the actions and psychology of the characters.
"To the Last Man" is considered one of Zane Grey's most violent and tragic works. This is also a result of reflecting the brutality of actual historical events. However, Grey does not simply sensationalize this violence, but provides a deep reflection on its origins and consequences.
The novel is recognized as an important work that shows the dark side of the Wild West. It is also a work that demonstrates Grey's literary maturity, going beyond mere entertainment to provide a deep exploration of human nature and the violence of society.

"To the Last Man" is a good example of fiction based on historical facts, and has become a classic in Western literature, and is considered one of Zane Grey's representative works.

Summary
At the end of a dry, uphill ride over barren country Jean Isbel unpacked to camp at the edge of the cedars where a little rocky canyon green with willow and cottonwood, promised water and grass.
His animals were tired, especially the pack mule that had carried a heavy load; and with slow heave of relief they knelt and rolled in the dust. Jean experienced something of relief himself as he threw off his chaps. He had not been used to hot, dusty, glaring days on the barren lands. Stretching his long length beside a tiny rill of clear water that tinkled over the red stones, he drank thirstily. The water was cool, but it had an acrid taste?an alkali bite that he did not like. Not since he had left Oregon had he tasted clear, sweet, cold water; and he missed it just as he longed for the stately shady forests he had loved.

Contents
CHAPTER I. At the end of a dry
CHAPTER II. But Ellen Jorth’s moccasined feet did not leave
CHAPTER III. The morning star, large, intensely blue-white
CHAPTER IV. Ellen Jorth hurried back into the forest
CHAPTER V. Old John Sprague launched into his narrative
CHAPTER VI. From this hour Ellen Jorth bent all of her lately awakened
CHAPTER VII. During June Jean Isbel did not ride far away from Grass Valley
CHAPTER VIII. Jean heard the soft swish of footsteps through wet grass
CHAPTER IX. Half a mile from the Isbel ranch the cavalcade passed
CHAPTER X. Two weeks of lonely solitude in the forest
CHAPTER XI. When Ellen, utterly spent in body and mind
CHAPTER XII. A chill, gray, somber dawn was breaking
CHAPTER XIII. Jean Isbel, holding the wolf-dog Shepp in leash
CHAPTER XIV. Then followed the leathery flop of saddles to the soft turf