Voltaire’s A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 04 is a collection of philosophical essays written in the early 18th century, exploring various topics such as ethics, governance, and human rights. Through a satirical lens, Voltaire critiques societal norms and historical figures. The opening chapters introduce complex discussions on concepts like "country," "crime," and "justice," prompting readers to deeply consider the meanings and implications of these ideas. The first chapter examines the notion of “country,” as Voltaire questions the validity of national identity from the perspectives of marginalized groups, such as Jews and indigenous societies, who often lack a cohesive sense of belonging. Voltaire encourages reflection on citizenship and loyalty, pointing out that while many claim a love for their country, they often do so without a true understanding of their connection to it. He further emphasizes the absurdity of patriotism when it leads to harm or conflict. Through this exploration, Voltaire lays the foundation for a philosophical discourse that invites readers to reflect on identity, justice, and human rights within societal structures.

COUNTRY.
CRIMES OR OFFENCES.
CRIMINAL.
CROMWELL.
CUISSAGE.
CURATE (OF THE COUNTRY).
CURIOSITY.
CUSTOMS?USAGES.
CYRUS.
DANTE.
DAVID.
DECRETALS.
DELUGE (UNIVERSAL).
DEMOCRACY.
DEMONIACS.
DESTINY.
DEVOTEE.
DIAL.
Dial of Ahaz.
DICTIONARY.
DIOCLETIAN.
DIONYSIUS, ST. (THE AREOPAGITE),
DIODORUS OF SICILY, AND HERODOTUS.
DIRECTOR.
DISPUTES.
DISTANCE.
DIVINITY OF JESUS.
DIVORCE.
DOG.
DOGMAS.
DONATIONS.
DRINKING HEALTHS.
THE DRUIDS.
EASE.
ECLIPSE.
ECONOMY (RURAL).
ECONOMY OF SPEECH?
ELEGANCE.
ELIAS OR ELIJAH, AND ENOCH.
ELOQUENCE.
EMBLEMS.
ENCHANTMENT.
END OF THE WORLD.
ENTHUSIASM.
ENVY.
EPIC POETRY.
EPIPHANY.
EQUALITY.
ESSENIANS.
ETERNITY.
EUCHARIST.
EXECUTION.
EXECUTIONER.
EXPIATION.
Dieu fit du repentir la vertu des mortels.
EXTREME.
EZEKIEL.
Of Some Singular Passages in This Prophet, and of Certain Ancient Usages.
FABLE.
FACTION.
On the Meaning of the Word.
FACULTY.
FAITH.
FALSITY.
FALSITY OF HUMAN VIRTUES.