Part 1 focuses on introspection and the roles individuals play in society. The opening chapter emphasizes the importance of self-reflection, exploring how individuals examine their motivations and limitations. It then delves into the influence of past traditions and their legacy in the present. The text also discusses how scholarly research is encouraged and the necessity of pursuing truth. The paradox of self-awareness in discovering originality is explored, along with the societal constraints faced by overly deferential individuals. Other chapters examine how temperament and emotions influence human behavior. Finally, the metaphorical exploration of individual roles within political systems highlights the relationship between the individual and society.

I. LOOKING INWARD
II. LOOKING BACKWARD
III. HOW WE ENCOURAGE RESEARCH
IV. A MAN SURPRISED AT HIS ORIGINALITY
V. A TOO DEFERENTIAL MAN
VI. ONLY TEMPER
VII. A POLITICAL MOLECULE
VIII. THE WATCH-DOG OF KNOWLEDGE
IX. A HALF-BREED