Hawthorne by Henry James, written in the late 19th century, is a critical essay that delves into the life and works of Nathaniel Hawthorne. It examines his modest yet profound contributions to American literature and the background that shaped his artistry. The essay explores Hawthorne’s character, his relationship with his Puritan ancestry, and the literary environment of his time.
The opening section focuses on Hawthorne's early life, highlighting the tranquil years he spent in Salem, Massachusetts, and the absence of dramatic events in his existence. James reflects on the simplicity of Hawthorne's surroundings and the influence of his New England heritage on his writing, portraying him as an introspective genius who masterfully captured the complexities of human morality.
James also argues that Hawthorne's works reflect the society in which he lived, emphasizing the importance of understanding local culture to fully appreciate his literary achievements.

CHAPTER I. EARLY YEARS
CHAPTER II. EARLY MANHOOD
CHAPTER III. EARLY WRITINGS
CHAPTER IV. BROOK FARM AND CONCORD
CHAPTER V. THE THREE AMERICAN NOVELS
CHAPTER VI. ENGLAND AND ITALY
CHAPTER VII. LAST YEARS