영어로 읽는 고전 _ 앤드류 랭의 호머와 그의 시대
"Homer and His Age"는 19세기 후반에 쓰여진 Andrew Lang의 학술 작품으로, 호메로스 서사시의 역사적, 문화적 맥락을 검토하며, 특히 그 작품들의 저작권과 통일성을 둘러싼 논쟁들을 다룹니다. Lang은 "일리아드"와 "오디세이"가 여러 세기에 걸친 다수 저자들의 산물이라는 당시의 지배적인 견해에 반대하며, 대신 이들이 하나의 응집된 문화적 순간에서 비롯되었다고 주장합니다.
이 텍스트는 서사시에 묘사된 삶을 깊이 탐구하고, 불일치성에 대한 비판들에 도전하며, 시인의 진정한 청중과 의도를 논의합니다.
작품의 도입부는 고대 텍스트에 현대적 비평 기대를 부과하는 "분석적 독자"에 맞서 호메로스 시의 완전성을 옹호하고자 하는 Lang의 의도를 제시합니다. 그는 서사시가 시간이 흐르면서 만들어진 다양한 기여들의 모음이라는 생각을 촉진하는 당대 학자들의 이론을 비판하며, 대신 이들이 조화로운 문화적 스냅샷을 보여준다는 점을 강조합니다.
Lang은 비판적이지 않은 시대의 시인들이 의도적으로 과거의 정확한 역사적 세부사항들을 재현할 수 있다는 주장을 일축하며, 호메로스 작품에서 발견되는 통일성이 특정 시대와 사회를 반영하는 단일한 시적 목소리에서 비롯되었음을 시사합니다.

Classics Read in English _ Homer and His Age by Andrew Lang
"Homer and His Age" by Andrew Lang is a scholarly work written in the late 19th century that examines the historical and cultural context of the Homeric epics, particularly addressing the debates surrounding their authorship and unity. Lang argues against the prevalent belief that the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" are the products of multiple authors over various centuries, asserting instead that they originate from a single cohesive cultural moment. The text delves into the life depicted in the epics, challenges criticisms about inconsistencies, and discusses the poet's authentic audience and intent. The opening of the work sets out Lang's intention to defend the integrity of Homeric poetry against the "analytical reader," who imposes modern critical expectations on ancient texts. He critiques contemporary scholarly theories that promote the idea of the epics being a collection of varied contributions made over time, emphasizing instead their representation of a harmonious cultural snapshot. Lang dismisses the argument that poets in uncritical eras can purposefully reproduce precise historical details from the past, suggesting that the unity found in Homer’s work indicates its origin from a single poetic voice, reflecting a specific age and society.

Among the contents
The aim of this book is to prove that the Homeric Epics, as wholes, and apart from passages gravely suspected in antiquity, present a perfectly harmonious picture of the entire life and civilisation of one single age. The faint variations in the design are not greater than such as mark every moment of culture, for in all there is some movement; in all, cases are modified by circumstances. If our contention be true, it will follow that the poems themselves, as wholes, are the product of a single age, not a mosaic of the work of several changeful centuries.
This must be the case?if the life drawn is harmonious, the picture must be the work of a single epoch?for it is not in the nature of early uncritical times that later poets should adhere, or even try to adhere, to the minute details of law, custom, opinion, dress, weapons, houses, and so on, as presented in earlier lays or sagas on the same set of subjects.

Contents
PREFACE
DETAILED CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: THE HOMERIC AGE
CHAPTER II: HYPOTHESES AS TO THE GROWTH OF THE EPICS
CHAPTER III: HYPOTHESES OF EPIC COMPOSITION
CHAPTER IV: LOOSE FEUDALISM: THE OVER-LORD IN "ILIAD," BOOKS I. AND II.
CHAPTER V: AGAMEMNON IN THE LATER "ILIAD"
CHAPTER VI: ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE "ILIAD"?BURIAL AND CREMATION
CHAPTER VII: HOMERIC ARMOUR
CHAPTER VIII: THE BREASTPLATE
CHAPTER IX: BRONZE AND IRON
CHAPTER X: THE HOMERIC HOUSE
CHAPTER XI: NOTES OF CHANGE IN THE "ODYSSEY"

NOTES OF CHANGE IN THE "ODYSSEY"
CHAPTER XII: LINGUISTIC PROOFS OF VARIOUS DATES
CHAPTER XIII: THE "DOLONEIA"?"ILIAD," BOOK X.
CHAPTER XIV: THE INTERPOLATIONS OF NESTOR
CHAPTER XV: THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EARLY EPICS
CHAPTER XVI: HOMER AND THE FRENCH MEDIAEVAL EPICS
CHAPTER XVII: CONCLUSION