중국과중국인언어.China and the Chinese, by Herbert Allen Giles
PREFACE
The following Lectures were delivered during March, 1902, at Columbia
University, in the city of New York, to inaugurate the foundation by General
Horace W. Carpentier of the Dean Lung Chair of Chinese.
By the express desire of the authorities of Columbia University these Lectures
are now printed, and they may serve to record an important and interesting
departure in Oriental studies.
It is not pretended that Chinese scholarship will be in any way advanced by
this publication. The Lectures, slight in themselves, were never meant for
advanced students, but rather to draw attention to, and possibly arouse some
interest in, a subject which will occupy a larger space in the future than in the
present or in the past.
HERBERT A. GILES.
CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND,
April 15, 1902.

중국과중국인언어.China and the Chinese, by Herbert Allen Giles
CONTENTS
LECTURE I

THE CHINESE LANGUAGE
Its Importance―Its Difficulty―The Colloquial―Dialects―"Mandarin"―
Absence of Grammar―Illustrations―Pidgin- English―Scarcity of Vocables―The
Tones―Coupled Words―The Written Language―The Indicators―Picture
Characters―Pictures of Ideas―The Phonetics―Some Faulty Analyses ... 3

LECTURE II

A CHINESE LIBRARY
The Cambridge (Eng.) Library―(A) The Confucian Canon―(B) Dynastic
History―The "Historical Record"―The "Mirror of History"―Biography―
Encyclopædias―How arranged―Collections of Reprints―The Imperial
Statutes―The Penal Code―(C) Geography―Topography―An Old Volume―
Account of Strange Nations―(D) Poetry―Novels―Romance of the Three
Kingdoms―Plays―(E) Dictionaries―The Concordance―Its Arrangement―
Imperial Catalogue―Senior Classics ... 37

[ viii]

LECTURE III

DEMOCRATIC CHINA
The Emperor―Provincial Government―Circuits―Prefectures―Magistracies―
Headboroughs―The People―The Magistrate―Other Provincial Officials―The
Prefect―The Intendant of Circuit (Tao- t'ai)―Viceroy and Governor―Taxation―
Mencius on "the People"―Personal Liberty―New Imposts―Combination―
Illustrations ... 73

LECTURE IV

CHINA AND ANCIENT GREECE
Relative Values of Chinese and Greek in Mental and Moral Training―Lord
Granville―W？n T'ien- hsiang―Han Y？―An Emperor―A Land of Opposites―
Coincidences between Chinese and Greek Civilisations―The Question of Greek
Influence―Greek Words in Chinese―Coincidences in Chinese and Western
Literature―Students of Chinese wanted ... 107

LECTURE V

TAOISM
Religions in China―What is Tao?―Lao Tz？―The Tao T？ Ching―Its Claims―
The Philosophy of Lao Tz？―- Developed by Chuang Tz？―His View of Tao―A
Taoist Poet―Symptoms of Decay―The Elixir of Life―Alchemy―The Black Art―
[ ix]Struggle between Buddhism and Taoism―They borrow from One Another―
The Corruption of Tao―Its Last State ... 141

LECTURE VI

SOME CHINESE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS
Origin of the Queue―Social Life―An Eyeglass―Street Etiquette―Guest and
Host―The Position of Women―Infanticide―Training and Education of
Women―The Wife's Status―Ancestral Worship―Widows―Foot- binding―
Henpecked Husbands―The Chinaman a Mystery―Customs vary with Places―
Dog's Flesh―Substitutes at Executions―Doctors―Conclusion ... 175

INDEX