Background. The pandemic of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is
challenging, given the large number of hospitalized patients. Cardiovascular
co-morbidities are linked to a higher mortality risk. Thus, patients with Congenital
Heart Disease (CHD) might represent a high-risk population. Nevertheless, no data
about them are available, yet. Hence, we conducted a nationwide survey to assess
clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease
aected by COVID-19. Methods and Results. This is a multi-centre, observational,
nationwide survey, involving high-volume Italian CHD centres. COVID-19 diagnosis
was defined as either “clinically suspected” or “confirmed”, where a severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) test had been performed
and was positive. Cardiovascular comorbidities were observed among adult patients ?atrial fibrillation (seven; 9%), hypertension (five; 7%), obesity (seven; 9%) and
diabetes (one; 1%)?but were absent among children. Cardiovascular complications
were mainly observed in the “confirmed” COVID-19? group, consisting of heart
failure (9%), palpitations/arrhythmias (3%), stroke/TIA (3%) and pulmonary
hypertension (3%). Cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain (1%), myocardial
injury (1%) and pericardial eusion (1%) were also recorded. On the contrary, CHD
patients from the clinically suspected COVID-19 group presented no severe
symptoms or complications. Conclusions. Despite previous reports pointing to a
higher case-fatality rate among patients with cardiovascular co-morbidities, we
observed a mild COVID-19 clinical course in our cohort of CHD patients. Although
these results should be confirmed in larger cohorts to investigate the underlying
mechanisms, the findings of low cardiovascular complications rates and no deaths
are reassuring for CHD patients.
제 1편 코로나바이러스 정의
1. 코로나바이러스감염증-19(Covid-19) 정보 7
2. 코로나바이러스 분류 및 특성 9
3. 코로나바이러스 전자현미경 형태 11
4. 코로나바이러스 구조 (Covid-19 Organization) 13
5. 코로나19: 환경에 지속적인 영향을 미칠까? 19
6. 치료법(Therapeutical Method) 22
제 2편 연구논문
COVID-19 and Congenital Heart Disease: Results from a
Nationwide Survey
1. Abstract 23
2. Background 24
3. Methods 24
4. Results 25
5. Discussion 28
6. Conclusions 29
7. References 29
