Tissue invagination drives embryo remodeling and assembly of internal organs
during animal development. While the role of actomyosin?mediated apical
constriction in initiating inward folding is well established, computational models
suggest relaxation of the basal surface as an additional requirement. However, the
lack of genetic mutations interfering specifically with basal relaxation has made it
difficult to test its requirement during invagination so far. Here we use
optogenetics to quantitatively control myosin?II levels at the basal surface of
invaginating cells during Drosophila gastrulation. We show that while basal myosin
?II is lost progressively during ventral furrow formation, optogenetics allows the
maintenance of pre?invagination levels over time. Quantitative imaging
demonstrates that optogenetic activation prior to tissue bending slows down cell
elongation and blocks invagination. Activation after cell elongation and tissue
bending has initiated inhibits cell shortening and folding of the furrow into a tubelike
structure. Collectively, these data demonstrate the requirement of myosin?II
polarization and basal relaxation throughout the entire invagination process.
연구논문에 이해를 돕기 위하여 MATLAB 프로그래밍 사용서명서를 제공합니다.
연구논문에 사용된 이미지는 MathWorks사에 개발한 MATLAB 소프트웨어입니다.

1. MATLAB 기본사용편 ······················ 003
1.1 MATLAB 시작하기 ······························ 003
명령창(command Window)에서의 입력 ····· 005
도움말(Help)의 이용 ··································· 007
1.2 입력 오류의 수정 ······························· 008
계산의 중지 ··············································· 009
MATLAB 종료하기 ····································· 009
1.3 연산과 변수의 할당 ···························· 009
연산자 우선순위 ········································ 011
내장함수 ···················································· 012
1.4 데이터의 표현 ····································· 013
1.5 변수의 처리 ········································ 015
변수 이름 ··················································· 015
clear 명령어 ·············································· 016
특수변수와 정수 ········································ 017
whos 명령어 ·············································· 017
1.6 벡터와 행렬 ········································ 018
벡터 ··························································· 018
행렬 ··························································· 023
스크린 출력과 억제 ··································· 024
1.7 랜덤(Random)수와 복소수 ·················· 025
랜덤 수 ······················································ 025
복소수 ························································ 027
1.8 기호를 이용한 연산 ···························· 028
기호식에서의 치환 ····································· 029
1.9 코드 파일 ············································ 030
스크립트 코드 파일 ··································· 030
코멘트의 추가 ············································ 032
함수 코드 파일 ······································ 033
사용자 정의함수 ········································ 036
1.10 간단한 그래프의 생성 ······················· 037
ezplot을 이용한 그래프 ····························· 037
plot을 이용한 그래프 ···························· 039
3차원 그래프 ············································· 042
1.11 MATLAB과 엑셀(Excel)의 접속 ······ 043
엑셀 데이터 불러오기 ································ 043
데이터 가져오기 옵션 ··························· 046
스크립트 생성 옵션 ··································· 049
함수 생성 옵션 ·········································· 049
생성된 데이터를 엑셀파일로 저장하기 ······ 050
연구논문편
Downregulation of basal myosin-II is required for cell shape
changes and tissue invagination
Introducion ··················································· 051
Results ························································· 052
Discussion ···················································· 061
Materials and Methods ································ 062
References ··················································· 065