동서양 고전문학의 언어의 도해 역사.The Book of Illustrated history of ancient literature, oriental and classical, by John Duncan Quackenbos
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
(Pages 11-30.)
Definition and Divisions of Literature, page 11.?Origin and Relationship of Languages, 12.?The Aryans, 13.?Aryan Languages, 16.?Semitic Languages, 16.?Turanian Languages, 17.?Written Language, 18.?Ideographic Writing, 18.?Phonetic Writing, 19.?Modes of Writing and Pointing, 20.?Ancient Writing Materials, 21.?General View of Ancient Literature, 25.
PART I.
ANCIENT ORIENTAL LITERATURES.
CHAPTER I.?HINDOO LITERATURE.
(Pages 31-60.)
Sanscrit Language, 31.?Sanscrit Alphabet, 32.?Sanscrit Researches, 33.?The Veda, 34.?The Upavedas, 35.?The Puranas, 35.?Social Life of the Vedic People, 37.?Code of Manu, 38.?Epic Poetry, 40.?The Ramayana, 40.?The Mahabharata, 43.?Lyric and Didactic Poetry, 46.?Kalidasa, 46.?Jayadeva, 48.?Gitagovinda, 49.?The Sanscrit Shakespeare, 50.?Sakoontala, 50.?The Hindoo Drama, 54.?Tales and Fables, 56.?History and Grammar, 57.?Buddhist Literature, 58.?Writing Materials of the Hindoos, 60.
CHAPTER II.?PERSIAN LITERATURE.
(Pages 60-67.)
Avesta Tongue, 60.?Zoroaster, 61.?The Avesta, 62.?Avesta Philosophy, 63.?Persian Inscriptions, 65.?Rock of Behistun, 65.?The Royal Library, 67.[Pg viii]
CHAPTER III.?CHINESE LITERATURE.
(Pages 67-83.)
Chinese Language, 67.?Chinese Writing, 68.?Antiquity of Chinese Literature, 69.?Confucius, 70.?The Chinese Classics, 73.?The Four Shoo, 77.?The Confucian Analects, 77.?Mencius, 79.?Spirit of the Chinese Classics, 80.?Lao-Tse, 82.
CHAPTER IV.?HEBREW LITERATURE.
(Pages 83-104.)
The Semitic Languages and their Distribution, 84.?The Ancient Hebrew, 85.?Hebrew Alphabet, 86.?Spirit of Hebrew Poetry, 88.?Parallelism, 89.?Dawn of Hebrew Literature, 90.?The Books of Moses, 90.?The Historical Books, 92.?The Book of Job, 93.?Golden Age of Hebrew Poetry, 93.?The Psalms, 93.?Elegiac Poetry, 94.?Didactic Poetry, 95.?Prophetic Poetry, 96.?Silver Age, 97.?The Apocrypha, 99.?The Talmud, 100.
CHAPTER V.?CHALDEAN, ASSYRIAN, ARABIC, AND PHŒNICIAN LITERATURES.
(Pages 104-117.)
Cuneiform Letters, 104.?Assyrio-Babylonian Writing Materials, 106.?Golden Age of Babylonian Literature, 107.?Deluge Tablets, 112.?Arabic Literature, 114.?Himyaritic Inscriptions, 114.?Phœnician Literature, 115.?Carthaginian Relics, 116.
CHAPTER VI.?EGYPTIAN LITERATURE.
(Pages 117-131.)
Egyptian Language, 118.?The Rosetta Stone, 119.?Hieroglyphic Writing, 120, 121.?Archaic Age of Egyptian Literature, 122.?Classical Age, 123.?Memoirs of Saneha, 124.?Tale of Snake Island, 125.?Minstrel’s Song, 126.?Golden Age, 126.?Book of the Dead, 126,127.?Hymns, 128.?Epic Poetry, 129.?Authorship, 130.
PART II.
GRECIAN LITERATURE.
CHAPTER I.?BIRTH OF GRECIAN LITERATURE.
(Pages 133-138.)
Early Settlement of Greece, 133.?Pelasgi and Hellenes, 134.?The Greek Language, 135.?Earliest Forms of Poetry, 137.?Legendary Poets, 138.[Pg ix]
CHAPTER II.?AGE OF EPIC POETRY.
(Pages 139-156.)
Homer, 139.?The Iliad, 141.?The Odyssey, 147.?Minor Poems of Homer, 150.?Cyclic Poets, 152.?Hesiod and his Works, 152.?Poets of the Epic Cycle, 156.
CHAPTER III.?LYRIC POETRY.
(Pages 157-178.)
Rise and Varieties of Lyric Poetry, 157.?Callinus, 159.?Tyrtæus, 160.?Archilochus, 161.?Æolic and Doric Schools, 163.?Alcæus, 164.?The Lesbian Poetesses, 164.?Sappho, 165.?Sappho’s Pupils, 171.?Anacreon, 172.?Simonides, 174.?Minor Lyric Poets, 177.
CHAPTER IV.?RISE OF GREEK PROSE.
(Pages 178-184.)
Earliest Prose Writings, 178.?The Seven Sages, 179.?Solon, 179.?Thales, 180.?Æsop, 181.?Progress of Greek Prose, 182.?Early Philosophers and Historians, 183.
CHAPTER V.?GOLDEN AGE OF GRECIAN LITERATURE.
(Pages 184-262.)
The Attic Period, 184.?Pindar, 185.?Antimachus, 192.?Dramatic Poetry, 192.?Æschylus, 194.?“Prometheus Chained,” 196.?Sophocles, 200.?“King Œdipus,” 202.?Euripides, 207.?“Medea,” 209.?Greek Comedy, 212.?Aristophanes, 213.?“The Clouds,” 214.?“The Birds,” 219.?History, 221.?Herodotus, 222.?Thucydides, 225.?Xenophon, 229.?Ctesias and Theopompus, 233.?Philosophy, 234.?The Ionic and Italic Schools, 234.?Pythagoras, 235.?Empedocles, 236.?Xenophanes, 237.?Democritus, 237.?School of Epicurus, 238.?Pyrrho, the Skeptic, 238.?The Socratic School, 239.?Plato and the Academic School, 241.?“Phædo,” 244.?Aristotle and the Peripatetic School, 247.?Aristotle’s Writings, 248.?Theophrastus, 252.?The Stoic School, 253.?The Cynics, 254.?Oratory, 255.?Demosthenes, 256.?The Speech “On the Crown,” 257.?Æschines, 260.
CHAPTER VI.?THE ALEXANDRIAN PERIOD.
(Pages 262-280.)
Decline of Letters, 262.?The New Comedy, 263.?Menander, 264.?Philemon, 265.?Pastoral Poetry, 266.?Theocritus, 266.?Bion and Moschus, 269.?The Museum, 272.?The Alexandrian Library, 273.?Poetry at Alexandria, 274.?Callimachus, 274.?Apollonius Rhodius, 275.?Writers on Science, 276.?Critics and Grammarians, 277.?History, 277.?Polybius, 278.?The Septuagint, 279.
CHAPTER VII.?LATER GREEK LITERATURE.
(Pages 230-302.)
Decay of Greek Genius, 280.?Writers of the First Century B.C., 281.?Writers[Pg x] of the First Three Christian Centuries, 284.?Plutarch, 285.?Lucian, 288.?Pausanias, 292.?Origen, 293.?Neo-Platonism, 293.?Longinus, 294.?Athanasius and Chrysostom, 294.?Novel writers, 295.?Hierocles, 295.?Byzantine Literature, 297.?The Greek Anthology, 297.?Gems of Greek Thought, 300.
PART III.
ROMAN LITERATURE.
CHAPTER I.?LATIN AND ITS OLDEST MONUMENTS.
(Pages 303-307.)
Italy Peopled, 303.?The Latin Language, 304.?Ancient Latin Relics, 305.
CHAPTER II.?DAWN OF ROMAN LITERATURE.
(Pages 307-329.)
Indebtedness of Rome to Greek Authors, 307.?The Roman Drama, 308.?Livius Andronicus, 309.?Cneius Nævius, 310.?Ennius, 311.?Plautus, 312.?“The Captives,” 313.?Terence, 315.?“The Self-Tormentor,” 317.?Decline of the Drama, 319.?Epic Poetry, 320.?Nævius and Ennius as Epic Poets, 320.?Satiric Poetry, 322.?Lucilius, 323.?Early Latin Prose, 324.?Cato the Censor, 324.?Lælius, Scipio, and the Gracchi, 326.?Antonius, Crassus, and Hortensius, 327.?Minor Historians and Orators, 328.
CHAPTER III.?GOLDEN AGE OF ROMAN LITERATURE.
(Pages 329-388.)
Periods of the Golden Age, 329.?Cicero, 330.?Varro, 337.?Julius Cæsar, 339.?Sallust, 343.?Cornelius Nepos, 347.?Poets of the Ciceronian Period, 348.?Lucretius, 348.?Catullus, 352.?Poetry of the Augustan Age, 354.?Virgil, 355.?Virgil’s Eclogues, 359.?Georgics, 360.?Æneid, 362.?Horace, 369.?Varius, 375.?Tibullus, 375.?Propertius, 377.?Ovid, 379.?Prose Writers of the Augustan Age, 382.?Livy, 382.
CHAPTER IV.?AGE OF DECLINE.
(Pages 388-428.)
Silver Age of Roman Letters, 388.?Velleius Paterculus, 389.?Valerius Maximus, 389.?Celsus, 390.?Phædrus, 390.?Persius, 392.?Seneca, 394.?Lucan, 397.?Pliny the Elder, 401.?Martial, 404.?Statius, 405.?Sulpitia, 406.?Quintilian, 407.?Juvenal, 408.?Tacitus, 412.?Suetonius, 415.?Pliny the Younger. 418.?Apuleius, 420.?Latin Fathers, 421.?Specimens of Later Latin Poetry, 423.?Gems of Latin Thought, 425.
