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2024-08-03
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"Preface to Major Barbara: First Aid to Critics" is an essay written by George Bernard Shaw in 1906 as a preface to his famous play "Major Barbara."

This essay is considered to be an important literary and philosophical text that goes beyond a simple preface. Through it, Shaw explains the theme and intention of "Major Barbara" and further reveals his social and political views in detail.

The main topics include the following:

1. The problem of poverty and salvation
2. Criticism of capitalism and the military-industrial complex
3. The relationship between religion and morality
4. The need for and method of social reform
5. The relationship between art and society

In this preface, Shaw explains why Undershaft, the main character of "Major Barbara," was set up as a weapons manufacturer and what he wanted to criticize through it. In particular, he emphasizes that poverty is not simply a moral failure of individuals, but a social structural problem, and that charity alone cannot solve this problem.
The subtitle, "First Aid to Critics," suggests that Shaw anticipated critics' misunderstanding of his work and wrote this preface as an 'emergency treatment' for it.
This essay is a text that clearly demonstrates Shaw's socialist ideas and sharp social criticism, and is an important source for understanding his literary works.
"Preface to Major Barbara" is still studied and cited in various fields such as literature, philosophy, and sociology today, and is considered an important text for understanding the appearance of British society in the early 20th century and the intellectual discourse of the time.
Overall, this preface is an important work that clearly shows Shaw's aspect as a thinker, and is one of the essential texts for understanding his literary and philosophical legacy.

Summary
Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen. Whenever my view strikes them as being at all outside the range of, say, an ordinary suburban churchwarden, they conclude that I am echoing Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Ibsen, Strindberg, Tolstoy, or some other heresiarch in northern or eastern Europe.

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Contents
BERNARD SHAW
THE GOSPEL OF ST. ANDREW UNDERSHAFT
THE SALVATION ARMY
BARBARA'S RETURN TO THE COLORS.
WEAKNESSES OF THE SALVATION ARMY.
CHRISTIANITY AND ANARCHISM
SANE CONCLUSIONS